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review vocab for spring benchmark

Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in each of the black spaces below before clicking on it to display the answer.
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Term
Definition
adhesion   the tendency of water to stick to other substances  
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atomic mass   the average mass number of all isotopes of an atom. Round this number to find the mass number of the atom.  
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buoyancy   the ability of a fluid to exert an upward force on an object that is immersed in the fluid  
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capilary action   the process that moves water through a narrow porous space  
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cohesion   the attractive force between water molecules  
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compound   a pure substance that is created by 2 or more elements chemically reacting and joining together.  
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electron   subatomic particle with a negative charge and located outside the nucleus.  
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element   A substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by ordinary chemical means.  
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Law of Conservation of Mass   A law that states that matter cannot be created or destroyed during a chemical reaction. The mass of the reactants is equal to the mass of the reactants.  
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Atomic mass   the average mass number of all isotopes of an atom. Round this number to find the mass number of the atom.  
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polarity   uneven distribution of charges across a molecule  
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surface tension   the force that acts on the particles at the surface of a material  
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River Basin   the region of land drained by a river and its tributaries  
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Watershed   the land area that supplies water to a river system  
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Specific heat   the amount of energy needed to raise one gram of a substance by one degree Celsius  
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Ductility   the ability to be stretched into a thin wire  
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Malleability   the ability to be hammered into a sheet  
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Solution   when one substance mixes with another and dissolves. Example: Salt + Water = Salt Water  
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Element   A substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by ordinary chemical means  
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Period   Elements that occur in a horizontal row on the periodic table  
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Group   Elements that occur in a vertical column on the periodic table; also called a family.  
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Metal   An element below and to the left of the stair-step line of metalloids; about 80% of the known elements are metals.  
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Nonmetal   An element above and to the right of the stair-step line of metalloids.  
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Metalloid   An element with properties of both metals and nonmetals located along the stair-step line on the right side of the periodic table.  
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Compound   a pure substance that is created by 2 or more elements chemically reacting and joining together.  
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Mixture   The physical combination of 2 or more substances; can be separated by physical means.  
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Homogeneous mixture   A mixture that is evenly mixed; also called a solution.  
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Heterogeneous mixture   A mixture that is unevenly mixed.  
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Precipitate   an insoluble substance that is produced as result of a chemical reaction.  
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Bioindicator   organisms or components of organisms that are used to assess the health of a water system  
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Macro-invertebrate   small, spineless creatures that are visible with the unaided eye; they include organisms such as crustaceans, mollusks, worms, and insects  
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pH scale   rating of how acidic or basic a substance is the scale goes from 0 to 14 with 7 being neutral values less than 7 being acidic and values greater than 7 being basic  
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Nitrate   nitrogen compounds used for growth by plants and algae; a compound that can be used by photosynthetic life forms to obtain the nitrogen needed for survival  
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Turbidity   a measure of the clarity of the water (how clear is it?)  
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Non-point source pollution   pollution that comes from many places or sources that is not easily identified; pollution that results from water flow picking up trash, toxic chemicals, and other types of waste  
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Point Source pollution   pollution that can be traced to a specific source such as oil that spills from a pipeline  
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Scuba   Self-Contained Underwater Breathing Apparatus - device that allows divers to breathe underwater for long periods of time.  
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SONAR   SOund NAvigation Ranging - used to measure ocean depth by sending sound to bounce off the ocean floor.  
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Abiotic Factor   the non-living factors of the environment that an organism lives in.  
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Benthos   organisms that live on or in the ocean floor.  
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Biotic Factor   the living organisms of the environment.  
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Consumer   - feed on other organisms (plant or animal) because they cannot make their own food.  
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Estuary   body of water where a river meets the ocean  
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Habitat   The immediate space where an animal or plant lives and has food, water and protection.  
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Intertidal Zone   the area that lies between the low-tide and the high-tide line.  
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Nekton   free-swimming organisms whose movements are independent of the tides, currents, and waves.  
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Upwelling   the upward movement to the ocean surface of deeper, cold and usually nutrient-rich waters, especially along some shores, due to the offshore movement of surface waters  
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Darwin   was a naturalist who proposed and provided scientific evidence that all species of life have evolved over time from common ancestors through the process he called natural selection.  
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Fossil   evidence of past life preserved in rock.  
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Index fossil   a fossil found in a narrow time range but widely distributed around the earth; used to date rock layers  
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Natural selection   survival of the fittest organisms that are the best adapted to their environment and the ones that will live long enough to reproduce and pass on their favorable adaptations  
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Trace fossil   a fossilized mark that is formed in soft sediment by the movement or actions of an animal.  
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Trilobite   a marine organism that is an example of an index fossil  
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Atomic number   the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom. This number identifies the atom.  
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