Fundimentals of RespiratoryCare
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Oxygen delivery devices are categorized by _____. Name the three types | design
1.Low flow
2.High flow
3.Enclosures
Head or body surrounding reservoirs
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Low Flow Devices | Nasal Cannula,
Nasal Catheter,
Trans-tracheal Catheter,
Reservoir Cannula,
Simple Mask,
Partial Rebreathing Mask,
Non-rebreathing Mask/Circuit
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High Flow Devices | Air-Entrainment (Venturi) Mask,
Aerosol Devices,
High Flow Nasal Cannula,
Bag Mask Devices,
Enclosure:
Oxy-hood,
Isolette,
Tent
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What is FI02? | Fraction of Inspired Oxygen
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Variable FI02 | Systems that supply only a portion of inspired gas
Always provides a variable FI02
Low flow & High flow equipment
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Factors which control FI02? | 1.Capacity of O2 Reservoir
2.Oxygen (O2) Flowrate
3.Patients ventalatory pattern
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Name the advantages of Low Flow Devices? | A)More comfortable
B)Decreased cost
c)Some forms don't have to be removed to eat or spit
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What is the formula for Estimating FIO2 for a Cannula or Catheter? | FIO2 = (4 x LPM) + 20%
Assuming normal ventilation pattern
1 LPM ~ 24%
2 LPM ~ 28%
6 LPM ~ 44%
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what is a simple mask and what it's use for | Moderate Concentration (0.35-0.50),
Generally for short term treatment,
Uncomfortable,
Can increase risk of aspiration,
Never use < 5 LPM,
Prevent accumulation of CO2
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What is a reservior Mask. | High Concentrations
Partial Rebreather (0.40 – 0.70)%
Non-Rebreather (0.60 - 0.80)%
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Describe (reservior mask) PARTIAL REBREATHER | (0.40 – 0.70)%
Entrains air through port holes
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Describe (reservior mask) NON REBREATHER | (0.60 - 0.80)%
Has a one-way valve to prevent air entrainment
Used for emergencies (short term)
Potential suffocation hazard
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whats the only way to give 100% of O2with a nonbreather is with ----------------- ? | a closed circuit
C-PAP or BIPAP mask the is completly sealed
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describe FIXED Performance devices? | Uses jet mixing (blender) for target FI02
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Name the Advantages ofFIXED Performance devices? | Advantages:
1.The patients ventilatory pattern does NOT affect FIO2,
2.Temperature & humidity of inspired gas can be controlled
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Name the Disadvantages ofFIXED Performance devices? | Disadvantages:
1.Decreased comfort,
2.Increased cost,
3.Must be removed to eat/spit
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what is the Air to Oxygen Ratio Calculation | Air : O2 = (100 - FIO2) / (FIO2 – 21)
FYI (21 IS ROOM AIR)
(100 IS PURE O2)
Example:
FIO2 = 40%
What is the Air to Oxygen Ratio (Air : O2)?
Air : O2 = (100 – 40) / (40 – 21)
Air : O2 = (60 / 19)
Air : O2 = 3 : 1
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Calculation of Total Flow: (V-Total) V means FLOW V-TOTAL means TOTAL FLOW | If (Air : O2) is expressed as n then n + 1 = “Total Parts" (TP)
Flow of Oxygen = “O2V”
V-Total = TP x O2 V
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What are Enclosures(Neonatal & Pediatric O2 equipment) Oxy-hood: |
Ideally inspired gas should be warmed to decrease O2 consumption
Nebulizers should not be used
Due to high noise level
Always measure FIO2 near pt's mouth
V total should be greater than 5 LPM to wash out CO2
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What are Enclosures(Neonatal & Pediatric O2 equipment) Oxygen Tents: | (Mist/Croup Tents)
Used for Croup and Epiglottitis
Must use V -Total of at least 12 LPM to wash out CO2
FIO2's of 0.40 - 0.52 % are possible at high V-Total
Only if tent is tucked in well
Cooled (instead of heated)
Rarely used because of nosocomial
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where do patient get NOSOCOMIAL INFECTION | HORITAL EQUIPTMENTS
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What are Enclosures(Neonatal & Pediatric O2 equipment) Incubators: | Control:
Temperature:
Infants lose body heat readily
FIO2
Usually kept below 0.40 (100=40%)
Humidity:
Filtered and blended gas environment
Provide isolation
Decrease infection
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What are Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy | Exposure to pressure greater than atmospheric while breathing 100% 02
Improve hemoglobin's ability to carry/transport oxygen
Improve the bodies ability to heal itself.
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What are the two types of Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy | 1.Mono-place -------Single unit
2.Multi-place -----Walk-in units
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With what conditions you would use Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy? | Air embolism
CO poisoning
Cyanide poisoning
Decompression sickness
Gas gangrene
Skin grafts
Wound healing
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