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Fossils, Rocks & Geology (Mr. Tabat)

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Question
Answer
What did scientists drill out to help them reconstruct Earth's history?   rock and ice cores  
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What process involves the comparison of rock layers with others in a sequence to determine its age?   relative dating  
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What is O-18:O-16?   the element isotope ratio Climate Scientists use as proxies to determine past climate changes on Earth  
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What method is used to determine the most accurate and precise age of Earth's oldest rocks?   the uranium-lead method  
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What are isotopes?   the same element with different atomic masses  
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What is one of the major causes of missing rock layers in unconformities?   erosion  
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What does a scientist need to know to figure out the absolute age of a rock?   the rate of decay for a radioactive element in the rock  
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What could be used as evidence that a volcanic eruption occurred at a particular time in the past?   sulfates and ash in rock or ice cores  
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What is an eon?   the largest division of geologic time  
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What geologic time period ended with the largest mass extinction in Earth's history?   Permian  
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What would provide the most evidence about the geologic history of the Earth?   studying sedimentary rock layers  
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What phrase could be used to remember the principle of superposition?   younger over older  
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What is an example of an unconformity?   a gap of about 1 billion years between two rock layers  
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What is a trace fossil?   a fossil used to date surrounding rock layers  
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What happens during radioactive decay?   radioactive isotopes break down into stable isotopes of other elements  
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Where are most fossils preserved?   in sedimentary rock  
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What would a large mudslide most likely form into?   a fossil formation  
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What dating technique would you use to compare the ages of fossils found in layers of sedimentary rock?   relative dating  
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What most likely causes ripple patterns on a layer of sedimentary rock?   the sediment was laid down at the bottom of a river with a fast current  
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What is an index fossil?   a fossil that is widespread but found only in a short period of geologic time  
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What is radioactive dating used for?   to determine the absolute age of a rock layer  
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Why is the fossil record incomplete?   most organisms never became fossils  
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What did Scientists study to learn about the Earth's history?   rocks and fossils  
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What is Carbon-14 used for?   it is used in radioactive dating of once living material  
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What method was used to help Scientists determine that Earth is about 4.5 billion years old?   radioactive dating  
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What species was best suited to the climate change in early Earth history when the land became drier and warmer?   reptiles  
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What is absolute dating?   finding the age of a rock based on the ratio of parent material to daughter material  
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What are Trilobites?   early arthropods found throughout the oceans of the Earth that went extinct at the end of the Permian period  
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Where are most fossils of animals and plants found?   sedimentary rocks  
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What are Fusilinids?   a dominant form of Foraminifera during the late Permian  
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What is an Ottonosia?   a type of algae that lived up until the Jurasic time period that was found in Kansas and parts of Northern Wyoming  
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