Med Term Fall2013
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bacillus | bacteria that are rod-shaped
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coccus | bacteria that are round in shape
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dipl/o | pairs; bacteria that grow in pairs
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staphyl/o | bunches, like grapes; bacteria that grow in clusters
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strepto/o | twisted; bacteria that grow in twisted chains
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alb | white
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chlor/o | green
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chrom/o | color
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cirrh/o | orange-yellow
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cyan/o | blue
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erythr/o | red
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leuk/o | white
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lutein/o | saffron yellow
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melan/o | black
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poli/o | gray
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rhod/o | red
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rubi/o | reddish,redness
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xanth/o | yellowish
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a, an | without,not
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acro | extremeties; top or extreme point
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aero | air
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aniso | unequal
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brady | slow
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de | take away; remove
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dia | through (as in running through)
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dif, dis | apart, free from, separate
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dys | bad, painful, difficult
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ec, ecto | out, outside, outer
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emia | blood: condition of
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end, endo | within, inner
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eu | good, easy
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extra | outside, beyond
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hemi | one side, half
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hemo | blood
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hetero | different
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homo | same, resembling each other
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hydro | water
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hyper | above normal, excessive, beyond
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hypo | under, below normal
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in | in, into, not
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iso | equal, same
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lip | fat
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mal | bad, poor
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mega | large, great
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megalo | large (enlarged)
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meno | menses (menstruation)
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noct | night
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nyct | night
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pan | all, every
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para | beside, beyond, accessory to
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per | through
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peri | around
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poly | many, much
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post | following, after
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pre | before
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pro | preceding, coming before
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pyo | pus
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re | put back
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super | above, beyond
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supra | above, beyond
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syn | going together, united
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tachy | fast
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nasal cavity | nose, nares, cavity separated by septum
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pharynx | throat, cavity behind the nasal cavities and mouth
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larynx | voice organ, containing the vocal cords
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trachea | windpipe
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lung | two cone-shaped spongy organs consisting of alveoli, blood vessels, nerves and elastic tissue. Each is enveloped in a double-folded membrane called the pleura
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parietal pleura | the serous membrane that lines the thoracic (chest) cavity
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visceral pleura | membrane that covers the lungs. This membrane and the parietal membrane are close together. Between them is a thin film of lubricating fluid that prevents friction when they slide against each other.
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bronchus | one of the larger passages conveying air to (right or left principal lobe) and within the lungs
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bronchioles | one of the subdivisions of the branched bronchial tree
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alveolus | a small saclike dilation (outpocketing) of the alveolar ducts
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diaphragm | muscular partition that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity and aids in the process of breathing
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abscess (lung) | a localized collection of pus in a cavity formed by the disintegration of tissues
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anthracosis | accumulation of carbon deposits in the lung due to breathing smoke or coal dust, also known as black lung disease
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ARDS | adult (acute) respiratory distress syndrome
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asbestosis | lung disease caused by inhaling asbestos particles. Associated with development of mesothelioma, a type of lung cancer
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asphyxiation | suffocation
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asthma | spasm and narrowing of bronchi, leading the bronchial airway obstruction
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atelectasis | incomplete expansion of the lungs at birth, or collapse of the adult lung
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bradypnea | abnormally slow breathing
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bronchiectasis | chronic dilation of one or more bronchi
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bronchitis | inflammation of one or more bronchi
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byssinosis | lung disease resulting from inhaling cotton, flax, or hemp, also known as brown lung disease
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carcinoma | a malignant new growth made up of epithelial cells tending to infiltrate surrounding tissues and to give rise to metastases
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coccidioidomycosis | a respiratory infection caused by spore inhalation of Coccidiodes immitis, varying in severity from that of a common cold to symptoms resembling those of influenza; also called valley fever
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COPD | chronic obstructive pulmonary (lung) disease, especially emphysema, chronic bronchitis, and asthma
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cor pulmonale | heart failure from pulmonary disease
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coryza | profuse discharge from the mucous membrane of the nose; the common cold
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cough | a forceful expiration preceded by a preliminary inhalation. Usually caused by irritation of the airways from dust, smoke, infection, or mucus. Can be described as croupy, rasping, harsh, hollow, loose, dry, productive, brassy, bubbly or wracking.
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cystic fibrosis | generalized hereditary disorder of infants, children and young adults associated with malfunctioning of the pancreas and frequent respiratory infections
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deviated septum | defect in the wall between the nostrils that can cause partial or complete obstruction
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diphtheria | an acute bacteral infection primarily affecting the membranes of the nose, throat, or larynx accompanied by fever and pain
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effusion | escape of fluid; exudation or transudation
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emphysema | a pathologic accumulation of air in tissues or organs
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epistaxis | hemorrhage from the nose; nosebleed
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expectoration | the act of spitting out saliva or coughing up material from the lungs
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fibrosis | formation of fibrous or scar tissue (in lungs) usually caused by previous infection
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flail chest | chest wall moves paradoxically with respiration, owing to multiple fractures of the ribs
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"flu" | popular name for influenza
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hay fever | a hypersenstive state, e.g., allergy to pollen
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hemothorax | blood in the pleural thoracic cavity
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hiatal hernia | protrustion of part of the stomach into the chest through the esophageal hiatus defect of the diaphragm
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hiccup | sharp respiratory sound with spasm of the glottis and diaphragm
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histoplasmosis | fungal infection of lungs, may be symptomatic or asymptomatic, resembling TB
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hyaline | glossy, translucent
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hyaline membrane disease | lack of surfactant due to a layer of hyaline material lining the alveoli, alveolar ducts, and bronchioles. Leading cause of neonatal deaths.
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influenza | an acute viral infectino of the respiratory tract; serious for the very young and old
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laryngitis | inflammation of the larynx
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laryngotracheo-bronchitis | inflammation of the larynx, trachea, and bronchi
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lung abscess | pus formed by the destruction of lung tissue and microorganisms by white blood cells that have gone to a localized area to fight infection
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pertussis | acute upper respiratory infectious disease caused by bacterium Bordetella pertusis. Commonly called whooping cough.
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pharyngitis | inflammation of the pharnyx
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pleural effusion | accumulation of fluid in the pleural space, which compresses the underlying portion of the lung, resulting in dyspnea
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pleurisy | inflammation of the pleura
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pneumoconiosis | any lung disease, e.g., anthracosis, silicosis, caused by permanent deposition of substantial amounts of particulate matter in the lungs
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pneumothorax | a collection of gas or air in the pleural cavity, resulting from a perforation through the chest wall or the visceral pleura
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rhinitis rhinorrhea | inflammation of the nasal membrane; "runny nose"
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SIDS | sudden infant death syndrome, or crib death' cause unknown. Associated failure of synapse of nerves to activate the diaphragm
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sinusitis | inflammation of sinus
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sneeze | spasmodic contraction of muscles causing air to be expelled forcefully through the nose and mouth
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streptococcal throat | sore throat caused by the spore bactera Streptococcus
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tonsillitis | inflammation of the tonsils, especially the palatine tonsils
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tuberculosis (TB) | an infectious disease, marked by tubercles and caseous necrosis in tissues of the lung
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URI | upper respiratory infection, general term for colds or "flu"
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wheezing | a high-pitched, whistling sound from air movement through narrowed bronchioles during exhalation; symptom of asthma and COPD
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whooping cough | a respiratory infection caused by Bordetella pertusis, marked by peculiar paroxysms of cough, ending in a prolonged crowing or whooping respiration
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aerosol | a medication that can be sprayed from a contained to relieve bronchial distress, especially asthma
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anoxia | without oxygen
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apnea | temporary cessation of breathing; asphyxia
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bifurcation | a division into two branches, e.g., bronchi
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blood gases | oxygen, carbon dioxide, and other gases in the blood
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bronchodilator | an agent capable of dilating the bronchi
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bronchoscope | an instrument for inspecting the bronchi
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bronchoscopy | lung examination using a bronchoscope
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bronchospasm | spasmodic contraction of bronchi muscles, as in asthma
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Cheyne-Stokes | breathing characterized by waxing and waning of the depth of respiration: the patient breathes deeply a short time and then breathes slightly or stops altogeher. The cycle repeats.
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CO2 | carbon dioxide; an odorless, colorless gas resulting from oxidation of carbon, formed in the tissues and eliminated by the lungs
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consolidation | solidification of lung tissue, as in pneumonia
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CPR | cardiopulmonary resuscitation; artificial means of providing circulation and breathing during cardiac and respiratory arrest
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cyanosis | a bluish dicoloration of skin and mucous membranes caused by insufficient oxygen in the blood
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dysphnia | voice impairment; difficulty in speaking
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dyspnea | labored or difficult breathing
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endotracheal (ET) tube | an airway catheter inserted in the trachea during surgery and for a temporary airway in emergency situations (ET phone home)
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expectorant | an agent that promotes expectoration (loosening of secretions)
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hemoptysis | the spitting of blood or of blood-stained sputum (from the lungs)
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hiatus | a gap (opening), especially in the diaphragm
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hilus | part of lung where vessels, nerves, and bronchi enter
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hypercapnia | an excess of carbon dioxide in the blood
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hyperventiliation | increased rate and/or depth of respiration, e.g., from anxiety
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hyposensitization | the process of rendering hyposensitive, e.g., exposing a patient to an offending substances to reduce his or her sensitivity to the substances
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hypoxia | insufficient oxygen
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IPPB | intermittent positive pressure breathing, used as treatment with ventilation
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Kussmaul breathing | gasping, labored breathing, also called air hunger
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laryngectomy | excision of the larynx
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laryngoscopy | visual examination of the interior larynx with an instrument called a laryngoscope
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lavage of sinuses | the irrigation or washing out of sinuses
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lobectomy | excision of a lobe of the lung
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Mantoux (test) | TB skin test
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O2 (Oxygen) | constitutes about 20% of atmospheric air; inhaled and carried in the blood
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orthopnea | difficult breathing, except in the upright position
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oximetry | measurement of the oxygen saturation of arterial blood
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palpation | application of hands and fingers to external surfaces to detect abnormalities
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parenchyma (lung) | the essential elements or "working parts" of an organ, e.g.,alveoli in the lung
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peak expiratory flow rate | measurement of how fast a person can exhale using a small handheld device to monitor treatment in asthma or COPD
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percussion and auscultation (P&A) | striking the body (e.g. chest) with short, sharp blows of the fingers, and listening through a stethoscope for the sounds produced. Technique used by practitioners
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perfusion | the passage of a fluid through the vessels of a specific organ to supply nutrients and oxygen
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pneumothorax | air or gas in the pleural space; from trauma or from deliberate introduction; may be spontaneous
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postural drainage | drainage by placing the patient's head downward so that the trachea will be inclined below the affected area and the secretions mobilized
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PPD | purified protein derivative (TB test)
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productive cough | cough with spitting of material from the bronchi
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pulmonary function | tests to assess ventilatory status
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rales, rhonchi | an abnormal respiratory sound heard on auscultation, indicating some pathologic condition
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rarefaction | condition of being less dense, e.g., decreased density in x-ray films
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residual air | air remaining or left behind after expiration
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respirator (ventilator) | a device for giving artificial respiration or to assist in pulmonary ventilation
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rhinoplasty | plastic surgery of the nose
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scan (lung, pleura) | an image or a picture produced using radioactive isotopes, e.g., B-mode ultrasonography
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SMR | submucous resection, excision of a portion of the submucous membrane of the nose to correct a defect
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SOB | shortness of breath
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spirometer (spirometry) | an instrument for measuring air taken into and expelled from the lungs; spirometry is the measurement of lung capacity
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sputum | matter ejected from the trachea, bronchi, and lungs through the mouth
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tachypnea | very rapid respiration
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thoracentesis | surgical puncture of the chest wall into the parietal cavity to remove fluid
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tine test | TB test
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tracheostomy | creation of an opening into the trachea through the neck, e.g., insertion of a tube to facilitate ventiliation
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tracheotomy | incision of the trachea through the skin and muscles of the neck
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ventilator | an apparatus to assist in pulmonary ventilation
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vital capacity | amount of air that can be expelled from the lungs after deep inspiration (pulmonary function test)
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wheeze | breathing with a raspy or whistling sound. Common symptom of asthma
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x-ray examination | visual record made using x-rays, for diagnostic examination of the chest; may be AP (anteroposterior) or Lat (side) views
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Created by:
tschrec
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