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NUR_213 cowen

Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in each of the black spaces below before clicking on it to display the answer.
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Question
Answer
WHAT are the 3 AORTIC WALL LAYERS?   Tunica Intima, Tunica Adventitia and Tunica Media.  
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WHERE does the ABDOMINAL AORTA BEGIN?   The Diaphragm.  
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WHAT is the average DIAMETER of ABDOMINAL AORTA?   1-3 cm.  
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Is Coarctation Congenital?   Yes. It is often associated with other congenital abnormalitites b/c they develop at the same time.  
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Describe Coarctation:   Localized narrowing of the Descending Ao, near the origin of Ductus Arteriosus.  
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WHERE is COARCTATION usually LOCATED?   Just distal to the origin of the Left Subclavian Artery.  
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NAME 2 congenital heart defects that are ASSOCIATED with COARCTATION.   Bicuspid Ao Valve and MV Malformations.  
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DEFINITION of an ANEURYSM?   Localized areas of abnormal dilation of a blood vessel,(usually an artery).  
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DEFINE SACCULAR ANEURYSM:   It is a weakening of the vessel wall at one particular point.(Thoracic= very rare).  
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Name some conditions that weaken or CAUSE ACQUIRED ANEURYSMS:   Atherosclerosis (which is the MOST COMMON), Syphilis, Trauma, Ao Stenosis, Ao Coarctation, PDA, Infection, and Ao Arterits.  
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WHAT can SACCULAR ANEURYSM RESULT in?   A pouch-like expansion and a small neck. They look like a sac.  
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DEFINITION of a FUSIFORM ANEURYSM?   Weakening of the ENTIRE circumference of the vessel. Dilation is normal. Stagnant flow can cause blood clots because the blood pools. (If a blood clot embolizes & it's above the renal artery it can cause big issues).  
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DEFINITION of an ACQUIRED ANEURYSM?   It is not congenital. It is caused/acquired by weakness in the vessel. The client has a condition that has caused the weakening.  
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To be considered ANEURYSMAL the Ao must be ABOVE WHAT size? And ABOVE WHAT size before they'll operate?   Above 3cm to be considered aneurysmal. And above 5cm before they'll operate.  
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WHAT are the 2 MOST COMMON Thoracic Ao Aneurysm SITES?   Ao Arch and Descending Ao.  
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WHAT causes the Thoracic Ao Aneurysm?   Plaque. It weakens the vessel wall. It causes degeneration of the media wall.  
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Atherosclerotic Process does WHAT 3 THINGS?   It weakens the Ao Wall, Degenerates the Media Wall, and causes localized vessel dilatation.  
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Hypertension does WHAT 3 THINGS?   Causes disease of the Ao, Undermines the strength of the Ao Wall, and eventual expansion to an aneurysm.  
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WHAT are SYMPTOMS of ANEURYSM RELATED to?   Size and Location, not the aneurysm itself. Location, Location, Location!  
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Name some(Esophageal)Symptoms of Aneurysms: (Additionally, Aneurysms can be WHAT)?   Wheezing, Cough, Dyspnea, Hemoptysis, Hoarseness, Dysphagia, and Spitting Up Blood. Asymptomatic.  
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WHEN do SYMPTOMS of aneurysm start SHOWING?   When the aneurysm is large enough to impinge on adjacent structures.  
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Aneurysms can cause COMPRESSION (pushing against) of WHAT 3 PLACES?   Left mainstream bronchus, laryngeal nerve (recurrent), and the esophagus.  
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Which diagnostic tests are used to detect Aneurysms?   Chest X-Ray (Mediastinal Widening), CT with Contrast (reliable), MRI (Excellent and no contrast needed), and Angiography (Gold standard, Can be missed though if aneurysm is layered with thrombus).  
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WHAT SIZE does the ANEURYSM have to be for SURVIVAL to GO DOWN and WHY?   In clients with 7cm diameter aneurysms. At this size they are prone to rupture & to produce symptoms of compression of surrounding structures.  
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Ao Dissection is a TYPE of WHAT?   Aneurysm.  
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DESCRIPTION OF Ao Dissection?   Catastrophic event initiated by a sudden tear in the intima.  
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HOW does Ao Dissection OCCUR?   A column of blood enters the Ao Wall & destroys the media while stripping the Intima from the adventitia.  
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