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Chemistry Exam Vocabulary

Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in each of the black spaces below before clicking on it to display the answer.
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Question
Answer
the study of the composition, structure, and properties of matter and the changes it undegoes.   Chemistry  
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smallest unit of an element that maintains the properties of that element   Atom  
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a substance that is made from the atoms of two or more elements that are chemically bonded.   compound  
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a pure substance made of only one kind of atom.   element  
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a measure of the amount of matter   mass  
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anything that has mass and takes up space   matter  
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a blend of two or more kinds of matter, each of which retains its own identity and properties   mixture  
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a vertical column on the periodic table   group/family  
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a testable statement   hypothesis  
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a logical approach to solving problems by observing and collecting data, formulating hypotheses, testing hypotheses, and formulating theories that are supported by data.   scientific method  
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a broad generalization that explains a body of facts or phenomena   theory  
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the ratio of mass to volume or mass divided by volume.   density  
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the amount of space occuiped by an object   volume  
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the closeness of measurements to the correct or accepted value of the quantity measured.   accuracy  
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the closeness of a set of measurements of the same quantity made in the same way   precision  
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any digit in a measurements that is know with certainty plus one final digit, which in somewhat uncertain or is estimated.   significant figures  
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the number of protons in the nucleus of each atom of an element   atomic number  
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6.022 x 10 to the 23rd; the number of particles in exactly one mole of a pure substance   Avogadro's number  
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atoms in the same element that have different masses   isotopes  
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the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an isotope   mass number  
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the mass of one mole of a pure stubstance.   molar mass  
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the amount of a substance that contains as many particles as there are atoms in exactly 12 grams of carbon-12   mole  
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a form of energy that exhibits wavelike behavior as it travels through space   electromagnetic radiation  
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a state in which an atom has a higher potential energy that it has in its ground state   excited state  
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the lowest energy state of an atom   ground state  
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a particle of electromagnetic radiation that has zero rest mass and carries a quantum of energy   photon  
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a mathematical description of the wave properties of electrons and other very small particles   quantum theory  
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an electron occupies the lowest energy orbital that can recieve it.   Aufbau Principle  
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the physical and chemical properties of the elements are periodic functions of their atomic numbers   periodic law  
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an arrangement of the elements with similar propeties fall in the same column or group   periodic table  
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a negative ion   anion  
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one-half the distance betewwn the nuclei of two identical atoms that are bonded together   atomic radius  
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a postive   cation  
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a measure of the ability of an atom in a chemical compiund to attract electrons   electronegativity  
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an atom or group of bonded atoms that has a positive or negative charge   ion  
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an electron that is available to be lost, gained, or shared in the formation of chemical compounds   valence electrons  
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a chemical bond resulting from the sharing of an electron pair between two atoms   covalent bonding  
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the chemical bond resulting from electrical attraction between large numbers if cations and anions   ionic bonding  
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having an uneven distribution of charge   polar  
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a formula that indicated the relative numbers of atoms of each kind in a chemical compound by using atomic symbols and numerical subscripts.   chemical formula  
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a neutral group of atoms that are held together by covalent bonds   molecule  
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chemical compounds tend to form so that each atom by gaining, losing, or sharing electrons has an octet of electrons in its highest occupied energy level.   octet rule  
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a naming system   nomenclature  
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an ionic compound compoosed of a cation and the anion to form an acid   salt  
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the sum of the average atomic masses of all the atoms represent in the formula of any molecule, formula unit, or ion   formula mass  
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the percentage by mass of each element in a compound   percentage composition  
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the symbols for the elements combined in a compound with subscripts showing the smallest whole-number mole ratio of the different atoms in the compound.   emperical formula  
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a representation, with symbols and formulas, of the identities and relative amounts of the reactants and products in a chemical reaction   chemical equation  
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a solid that is produced as a result of a chemical reaction in a solution and that separates from the solution   precipitate  
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a reaction in which a single compound produces two or more simpler substances   decomposition reaction  
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a reaction in which the ions of two compounds exchange places in an aqueous solution to form two new compounds   double-replacement reaction  
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a reaction in which one element replaces a similar element in a compound   single-replacement reaction  
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the measured amount of a product obtained from a reaction   actual yield  
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the reactant that limits the amount of the other reactants that can combine -and the amount of product that can form- in a chemical reaction   limiting reactant  
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the ratio of the actual yield to the theoretical yield, mulitplied by 100.   percent yield  
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the maximum amount of product that can be produced from a given amount of reactant   theoretical yield  
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spontaneous mixing of the particles of two substances caused by thier random motion.   kinetic-molecular theory  
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a device used to measure atmospheric pressure   barometer  
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the volume of a fixed mass of gas varies inversley with pressure at a constant temperature   Boyle's Law  
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the volume of a fixed mass of gas at a constant pressure varies directly with the Kelvin temperature   Charles' Law  
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simple mathematical relationships between the volume, temperature, pressure and quantity of a gas.   gas laws  
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the pressure of a fixed mass of a gas at a constant volume varies directly with the Kelvin temperature   Gay-Lussac's Law  
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a mixture consisting of particles that are intermediate in size between those in solutions and suspensions forming mixtures know as colloid dispensions   colloid  
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a substance that dissolves in water to give a solution that conducts electric current   electrolyte  
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capable of being dissolved   soluble  
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the substance dissolved in a solution   solute  
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a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances in a sigle phase   solution  
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the dissolving medium in a solution   solvent  
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a solution that contains the maximum amount of dissolved solute.   saturated solution  
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the number of moles of solute in 1 liter of solution   molarity  
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