Biology Unit 2 Review
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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Prokaryote | organism with no nucleus
bacteria and archea
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Eukaryote | organism with nucleus
protist, fungi, plant, animal
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Pili | hairlike projections on bacteria
movement
conjugation (exchange of genetic material) between bacteria
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Phospholipid | main component of the lipid bilayer
hydrophilic phosphate head and hydrophobic glycerol and fatty acid tails
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Glycoprotein | membrane protein with carbohydrate attached; can function in
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Glycolipid | membrane protein with carbohydrate attached; can function in
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Cholesterol | lipid sterioid that provides support to the lipid bilayer
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Transmember protein | protein that goes completely through the plasma membrane
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Integral protein | protein embedded in the membrane
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Transport proteins | type of transmember proteins that act as channels (for facilitated diffusion) and carriers (for active transport)
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Peripheral proteins | proteins located on the outerside of the membrane; aid integral proteins; also help to anchor cytoskeleton to plasma membrane
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Diffusion | random movement of molecules from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration
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Passive transport | does not use energy; diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion
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Osmosis | diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane
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Hypertonic solution | solution with more solute
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Hypotonic solution | solution with less solute
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Isotonic solution | equal amount of solute
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Active transport | requires energy; uses carrier proteins, endocytosis and exocytosis
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Endocytosis | process in which molecules or organisms are brought into the cell; the plasma membrane pinches in creating a transport vessicle
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Exocytosis | process in which molecules are released from the cell; vessicles bring packaged material to the plama membrane, fuse with the membrane and release contents outside of cell
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Cytoplasm | liquid (cytosol) and contents of the inner part of the cell
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Mitochondria | site where cellular respiration occurs; releases energy from sugars and turns it into ATP; able to self-replicate; has own DNA
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Chloroplasts | converts light energy into chemical energy
site of photosynthesis
contains chlorophyll
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Nucleus | houses a cell's genetic material; prominent organelle
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Nucleolous | contains the parts to make ribosomes
dense mass within the nucleus
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Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum | builds lipid molecules like oils, phospholipids, and steroids; helps detoxify
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Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum | covered with ribosomes
transports made proteins by a structure called a vesicle
can aide in the production of some proteins
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Ribosomes | constructs proteins (protein synthesis; reads the instructions dictated by the cell's DNA to make proteins
made in nucleolous
composed of ribosomal RNA and proteins
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Lysosomes | contains digestive enzymes to break down macromolecules
recycles old organelles
part of the body's defense; helps destroy harmful bacteria, viruses, etc. that enter a cell
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Vacuoles | storage for undigested nutrients
central vacuole - in plates; also stores water, pigments, even poisons
contractile vacuole; in freshwater protists; pumps excess water out of the cell
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Golgi Apparatus | modifies, stores, and routes proteins and other chemicals throughout the cell in vesicles or to be released outside of the cell
finishes modifications to macromolecules to be exported
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Plastid | manufacture and store important compounds
ex. chloroplasts
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Peroxisome | break down fatty acids
break down toxic materials
breaks down hydrogen peroxide
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Cellular Respiration | production of ATP
by products of carbon dioxide and water
in the mitochondria
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Photosynthesis | production of sugars
byproduct oxygen
occurs in the chloroplast
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Cytoskeleton | protein structures that give a cell shape, organization, and rigidity to enable to the cell to move (if needed)
microtubules - can be a track to move molecules and organelles throughout the cell
microfilaments - eneable movement and shape change
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Cilia | numerous short projects with back and forth movement; found on eukaryotic cells
aid in cell movement
can extend from stationary cells to move substances over the cells (respiratory cells move debris down into the stomach
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Flagella | thin, whip-like structures with an S shaped movement; found on eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells
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Cell wall | found in prokaryotes and eukaryotes (but not animals)
cell protection
cell structure
composed mainly of cellulose in plants
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Created by:
tneuhoff
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