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Mod 3 Lec 1

Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in each of the black spaces below before clicking on it to display the answer.
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Question
Answer
Is yeast an endogenous or exogenous infection?   Endogenous, opportunist  
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Candida spp. can cause   Vulvo-vaginitis, thrush, pulmonary infections, eye infections, meningitis, endocaridtis, disseminated infections  
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Thrush is a sign of _____ and is caused by_____.   Immunosuppression,Candida spp  
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The most common cause of yeast infections is?   Candida albicans  
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Candida albicans macro   Creamy  
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Candida albicans micro   Clusters of blastoconidia along pseudohyphae, terminal chlamydoconidia  
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Candida albicans germ tube test result   Positive  
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Candida albicans is sucrose   Positive  
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Candida stellatoidea is sucrose   Negative  
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The second most common Candida spp. is?   Candida tropicalis  
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Candida tropicalis can cause   Vaginitis, intestinal disease, systemic infections, meningitis  
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Candida tropicalis infections are   aggressive and difficult to treat with traditional antifungals  
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Candida tropicalis macro   Creamy, glabrous with mycelial fringe  
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Candida tropicalis micro   Blastoconidia are single or small random clusters along pseudohyphae  
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Candia parapsilosis is a major cause of what?   Nosocomial infections, related to indwelling catheters  
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Candida parapsilosis micro   Creamy, glabrous  
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Candida parapsilosis macro   Relatively short, crooked or curved pseudohyphae  
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Candida kreusi can cause what?   Rarely isolated as a cause of endocarditis and vaginitis.  
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Candida kreusi micro   Creamy, flat colonies  
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Candida kreusi macro   Pseudohyphae and elongated blastoconidia, branch like trees  
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Candida kefyr can cause what?   Endocarditis and UTI, one of the 4 most frequently isolated  
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Candida kefyr micro   Creamy, smooth  
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Candida kefyr macro   "logs in a stream" or "log jam"  
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Candida guilliermondii can cause what?   UTI and endocarditis  
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Candida guilliermondii macro   Creamy, flat, glossy  
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Candida guilliermondii micro   Short pseudohyphae with groups of blastoconidia at constrictions  
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Torulopsis glabrata is also called   Candida glabrata  
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Torulopsis glabrata is most frequently found as   Fungemia, can also cause endocarditis, meningitis, UTI  
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Torulopsis glabrata macro   Creamy, smooth, moist  
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Torulopsis glabrata micro   Blastoconidia only (on CMT), no pseudohyphae  
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The "working yeast" is?   Saccharomyces cerevisiae  
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Saccharomyces cerevisiae is increasingly being isolated from?   Immunocompromised  
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Saccharomyces cerevisiae macro   Creamy, smooth, moist  
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Saccharomyces cerevisiae micro   Yeast cells and pseudohyphae  
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Cryptococcus spp. is the causative agent of?   Meningitis and pulmonary disease  
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Cryptococcus neoformans is found where?   Soil contaminated with pigeon droppings  
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Cryptococcus neoformans is a major cause of what?   Opportunistic infections in AIDS patients, also meningitis-predilection for CNS  
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What do all species of Cryptococcus spp. have? And what is used to detect this?   Capsule, India Ink (negative stain)  
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What does Cryptococcus spp. look like on cornmeal agar?   Doesn't produce true or pseudohyphae, blastoconidia only  
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What are the urease and nitrate results of Cryptococcus spp?   Ureast positive in all, nitrate variable  
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What has a dark colony color on caffeic acid agar or bird seed agar?   C. neoformans, melanin production  
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Rhodotorula spp is closely related to what?   Cryptococcus, has a capsule  
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Rhodotorula spp urease and nitrate results   Urease positive, some are nitrate positive  
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Rhodotorula spp. macro   Bright, salmon colored colonies  
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Geotrichum candidum is normal flora where?   Intestinal tract  
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Geotrichum candidum macro   White, moist, yeastlike  
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Geotrichum candidim micro   True hyphae, segments into arthroconidia, no blastoconidia  
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Trichosporon beigelii causes what?   White piedra, emerging agent of disseminated infection mainly in cancer patients.  
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Trichosporon is resistant to what?   Amphotericin B  
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Trichosporon beigelii micro   Produces arthroconidia and blastoconidia on cornmeal agar  
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Malassezia furfur causes what?   Tinea versicolor and catheter related infections in patients on long term IV lipids.  
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Malassezia furfur macro   Cream, brown, wrinkled  
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Malassezia furfur micro   Yeastlike cells with collarettes  
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Sporobolomyces spp. is mostly recovered from where?   Environmental samples  
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Sporobolomyces spp. macro   Salmon colored smooth colonies  
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Sporobolomyces spp. micro   Oval, elongate yeast cells, projectile spores  
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Pneumocystis jiroveci is the new name for what?   Pneumocystis carinii  
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What is undecided about Pneumocystis jiroveci?   Group, is it a yeast, protozoa, fungus  
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Pneumocystis jiroveci causes what kinds of infections?   Opportunistic in AIDS patients, no cellular immunity  
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What does Pneumocystis pneumonia do?   Destroys alveolar cells  
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How can you diagnose Pneumocystis jiroveci in the lab?   Demonstrate organism in tissue, lavage, or sputum  
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Can Pneumocystis jiroveci be cultured?   Only in animals  
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What is a commonly used stain for Pneumocystis jiroveci?   GMS, looks like a "deflated ball"  
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