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| what are some general properties of streptococci? | gram positive cocci in chains, catalase negative, ferment sugars to lactic acid, causing low pH. they need enrichment with blood to support growth
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| describe the classificaiton of streptococci | there are 20 serological groups based upon C carbohydrate (lancefied groups A-U) the preliminary grouping is based upon hemolysis of five percent sheep blood (alpha, beta, gamma hemolysis)
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| which class of strep have bet ahemolysis? | S. pyogenes, S. agalactiae
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| which class of strep have gamma hemolysis? | s. faecalis
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| which class of strep have alpha hemolysis? | s. pneumoniae
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| what are group A step? | strep pyogenes
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| which is group B strep? | strep agalectiae?
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| which is group D strep? | strep faecalis
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| what lab test do u do with strep pyogenes? | bacitracin S
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| what lab test do u do with strep agalectiae? | hippurate hydrolysis pos
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| what lab test do u dowith s. faecalis? | bile esculin pos
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| what lab test do u do with s. pneumoniae? | optochin S, bile solubility pos, quelling test pos.
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| the structural virulence factors of this bacteria are capsule, fibrils (consist of M proteins) and lipoteichoic acid, peptidoglycan layer, T and R proteins | Group A strep (s. pyogenes)
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| the soluble virulence factors for s. pyogenes consist of this | streptokinase, streptodornase, hyaluronidase, erythrogenic toxin, NADase, hemolysins
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| what is the pathogenesis of group A strep? | encounter through infected individual or carrier, spread through tissues, and damage ellicits a strong inflammatory response. it causes chemotaxins for white blood cells. activates complement via alt. pathway
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| what are some localized infections caused by S. pyogenes? | pharyngitis, scarlet fever, impetigo
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| what are some invastive infections caused by s. pyogenes? | wounds, erysipelas, cellulitis, puerperal fever, endocarditis
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| what are some postinfection diseases caused by S. pyogenes? | rheumatic fever, glolmerulonephritis
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| lab diagnosis of pharyngitis consists of this | throat cultures and direct antigen test
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| what are lab tests for invasive infections? | gram stain and culture, blood culture if bacteremia is present
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| scarlet fever is cause by what bacteria? | group A strep
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| what is scarlet fever treated with? | penicillin, long acting penicillin g, and oral penicillin for ten days to prevent rheumatic fever
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| what type of strep infects neonates and also causes septicemia, meningitis, and pneumonia? | group B
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| what type of strep causes UTI's, wounds, and sepsis? | group D strep
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| what type of strep causes subacute endocarditis and dental carries? | vridans strep or alpha strep
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| what type of strep causes pneumonia, otitis media, and sinusidis? | streptococcus pneumoniae
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| impetigo is caused by what? | strep pyogenes. but may be mixed with staph aureus
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| what is the defining characteristic of erysipelas? | sharp defined borders
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| in this disease, there are ulcers formed into the dermis and is caused by strep pyogenes | ecthyma
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| what bacteria causes necrotizing fasciitis? | strep pyogenes
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| these are opportunistic pathogens that do not ferment glucose | gram negative nonfermenters
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| what are some general characteristics of pseudomonas aeruginosa | motile with polar flagella, oxidase positive that are obligate aerobes, grow at 42 degrees C, colony produces a fruity odor
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| what are some virulence factors for pseudomonas aeruginosa | pili, pollysaccharide capsule-slime layer, endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide), many extracellular enzymes, exotoxin A (inhibits protein synthesis),
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| pseudomonas aeruginosa forms this during tissue necrosis | eschar
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| list some diseases caused by pseudomonas aeruginosa | they afect immunocompromised or those with physical barriers: skin infections following burns, super infections following use of broad spectrum antibiotics, wounds, colonize respirators pneumonia, colonize respiratory tract patients, conjuctivitis, etc.
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| where is a common place u can get pseudomonas from | hot tubs
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| this is an oxidase negative (aerobic) nonfermentative nonmotile short gram negative rod | acinetobacter. it causes a variety of opportunistic and nosocomial infections similar to pseudomonas in temperate climates. has multiple drug resistance.
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