Question | Answer |
Membranes: Functions (3) | Cover body surfaces, Line body cavities, Form protective sheets around organs. |
Cutaneous (skin): Cell Type | Stratified squamous. |
Cutaneous: Common Locations | Skin/outermost. |
Cutaneous: Functions | Protection. |
Mucous: Cell Type | Stratified squamous, Simple columnar. |
Mucous: Common Locations | Mouth, esophagus, rest of digestive tract. |
Mucous: Functions | Lines body cavities, absorption, secretion. |
Serous: Cell Type | Simple squamous. |
Serous: Common Locations | Wall of ventral cavity, outside of organs, around lungs and heart. |
Serous: Functions | Lines body cavities closed to exterior of body. |
Synovial: Cell Type | Areolar. |
Synovial: Common Locations | Capsules of joints, organs (bones). |
Synovial: Functions | Secrete lubrication, cushion. |
Integumentary System: Composed Of (5) | Skin, sweat glands, Oil glands, Hair, Nails. |
Integumentary System: Functions (8) | Cover, Protect - Thermal, UV, bacteria and chemical, insulates, Cushions, Aids in excretion "sweat", Synthesizes Vitamin D, Contains sensory receptors, Repairs itself. |
Epidermis: Composed Of | Stratified squamous epithelium. |
Five Layers Called Strata | Statum basale (stratum germinativum), Stratum spinosum, Stratum granulosum, Stratum lucidum, Stratum corneum. |
Stratum Basale | Deepest layer of epidermis, Lies next to dermis, Cells undergoing mitosis. Daughter cells are pushed upward to become the more superficial layers. |
Stratum Lucidum | Formed from dead cells of the deeper strata, Occurs only in thick, hairless skin of the palms of hands and soles of feet. |
Stratum Corneum | Outermost layer of epidermis, Single-like dead cells are filled with keratin, Rubs off as "dandruff". |
Keratin | Protective protein prevents water loss from skin. |
Epidermis: Characteristics | It has no blood supply of its own. Most cells of epidermis are keratin. |
Melanocytes | Produce melanin, ranging form yellow to black. |
Freckles and Moles | When melanin is all in one spot. |
Tanning | Melanocytes form a pigment umbrella shielding DNA from UV rays. |
Herpes Simplex | Cods sores caused by a virus that erupts after sunbathing. |
Cancer | Caused when DNA is altered by UV rays. |
Dermis: Composed of | Dense connective tissue. |
Papillary: Contains | Dermal papillae, pain receptors, touch receptors, fingerprints. |
Dermal Papillae | Indent the epidermal layers and gives nutrients to epidermis. |
Meissner's Corpuscles | Touch receptors. |
Reticular | Deepest skin layer. |
Reticular: Contains | Blood vessels, sweat and oil gland, Pacinian corpuscles, collagen and elastic fibres. |
Blood Vessels | Maintain body temperature: Hot = lots of blood, cold = blood goes to core. |
Pacinian Corpuscles | Pressure receptors. |
Collagen Fibres | Give skin toughness. |
Elastic Fibres | Give skin elasticity. |
Hypodermis: Composed of | Fat (adipose tissue). |
Hypodermis: Function | Shock absorption, insulation. |
Melanin | Amount and kind determines skin colour. |
Carotene | Found in carrots and leafy green veggies. |
Hemoglobin | Amount of oxygen content determines red colour. |
Cyanosis | Blue colouring due to lack of oxygen. |
Pallor/Blanching | Pale skin. |
Redness | "Blushing", fever, allergy, inflammation. |
Jaundice | Yellowing of skin form liver disorder. |
Bruises | Blood clotting in masses called hematomas. |
Exocrine Glands | Release secretions to the surface. |
Sebaceous Glands | Oil glands. |
Sebaceous Glands: Found | All over body except palms and soles. |
Sebaceous Glands: Produce | Sebum. |
Sebum | Mixture of oil and skin fragments. Keeps skin soft and kills bacteria. |
Acne | Infection of sebaceous gland. |
Blackhead | Sebum oxidizes and dries. |
Whitehead | Gland is blocked by sebum. |
Seborrhea | Infant "acne" - pink raised lesions on scalp that eventually fall off as oily scales. |
Sudoriferous Glands | Sweat glands. |
Eccrine | Found all over body. Produce sweat and regulate body temperature. |
Sweat: Composed of | Water, salt, vitamin C, metabolic wastes, lactic acid. |
Apocrine | Found largely in armpit and genital areas. |