Question | Answer |
Matter | anything that has mass and takes up space; solid liquid gas measured by volume, mass |
solid molecules | molecules can't take shape of container, tightly packed, vibrate in place pumpkin |
liquid molecules | molecules take shape of container, spreadout a little bit, able to flow water |
gas molecules | molecules take place of container, spread out, able to flow very freely water vapor |
Law of Conservation of Matter | states that matter isn't created or destroyed only changes form measure the amss of everything inculded in the chemical process before and after |
Proof of Law of Conservation of Matter | mass of un shapened pencil 6 grams according to the Law of Conservation of Matter the pencil shavings and the sharpened pencil should be 6 grams mass of sharpened pencil, pencil shavings and broken piece of lead from pencil is 6 grams |
Atoms | basic building blocks of matter measured by the mass protons, neutrons, electrons |
Protons | positively charged found in the nucleus with neutrons |
Neutrons | no charged found in the nucleus with protons |
Electrons | negatively charged found orbiting the nucleus |
Substances | matter that has the same composition and properties throughout measure the mass of the object before and after the experiment |
Element | mattewr that is made up of only one kind of atom that can't be broken down into simplier parts measured by atomic mass oxygen |
Compound | substance that contains 2 or more elements chemically bonded together to create a new substance also known as a solution measured by the numver of elements and weither the elements are chemically bonded or not water |
Mixture | made up of 2 or more substances (elements or compounds) that come together but don't combine to make a new substances measured by the number of elements and weither the elements aren't mixed air |
Homogeneous Mixture | contains 2 or more substances that are evenly mixed on a molecular level but still aren't bonded together measured by seeing if the substances are equal in volume, mass, number, ect. coffee |
Heterogenus Mixture | type of mixture where the substances aren't evenly mixed measured by seeing if the substances are equal in volume, mass, number, etc. cold cereal with milk |
Physical Property | outwardly observable characteristics of matter |
Chemical Property | How matter changes into other (new) matter |
Physical Changes | changes that don't change the composition of a substance |
Chemical changes | results in the change of the compostion of a substance |
Sub-atomic particles | atoms are made up of them |
periodic table | a chart of the elements to help to organize and display the elements |
Atomic number | number of protons (p+'s) in the nucleus |
Atomic Mass (mass number) | number of protons (p+) and neutrons (n0) in the nucleus |
Metal | shiny or metallic luster and are good conductors of heat and electrity; most soild at room temperature; found on left side of periodic table |
Non-metal | elements that are usually dull in appearance; poor conductors of heat or electrity; found on right side of periodic table |
Physical properties of solid | can hold it, when heated become liquid, holds it shape, has definite volume, can't pass into another solid, when cooled stays solid |
Physical properties of liquid | can't hold it, when heated becomes a gas, doesn't hold its shape, has definite volume, substances can go throught it, when cooled becomes a solid |
Physical properties | color, odor, shape, texture, mass, wieght, volume, density, melting and boiling point, malleablity |
Chemical properties | flammability, reactivity, rust, tarnis, burn, etc. |
Physical changes | change in the state of matter, change in size or shape |
Chemcial changes | color change, temperature change, formation of a gas, formation of a perceptible it is possible to have a color, temperture change and the formation of a gas without a chemical change |
How are the elements arranged on the periodic table? | The elements are arranged by increasing the atomic #, by metal, non-metal, and mettalloid, by property |
atomic # | protons |
atomic mass | protons+neutrons in nucleus |
protons | electrons |
chemical reactions | a process that porduces chemcial change |
Reactants | the substance that exists before the reaction begins |
Product | the substance that form as a result of the reaction |
Chemical Equations | tells chemcists at a glance the reactants, products, physical states, and the proportions of each substance present |
Photosynthesis chemical reaction | CO2+H2O(reactants) produces(energy)C6H12O6+O2+H2O (products) |
Cellular REspiration chemcial reaction | C6H12O6+O2+H2O (reactants) produces(energy) CO2+H2O(products) |
3 physical changes | cutting grass, teating paper, dissolving water |
3 chemical changes | rottening bananas, rusting car, burning match |
copper penny turning dark | chemical change |
wind erosion of rocks | physical change |
Chemical formula | tlls you what elements it is made up of and how many atoms of that elements |
Subscript | tells the number of atoms of that element |
Chemical equation for NaHCO3 | 1 sodium atom, 1 hydrogen atom, 1 carbon atom and 3 oxygen atoms |
Chemcial equation for C6H12O6 | 6 carbon atoms, 12 hydrogen atom, and 6 oxygen atoms |
Acids | substances that release positively charged hydrogen ions into water |
Bases | substances that accept hydrogen ions |
physical properties of acids | sour taste, reaction with some metals, reaction with bases to form a neutral pH (7), has a pH range less than 7, the lower the pH, the more a acidic the solution (pH of 1 is more acidic than a pH of 6 |
physical properties of bases | fell slippery, taste bitter, cause burns, can damage tissues, in cleaning products, reaction with acids to form a neutral pH solution (7), a pH greater than 7, higher the pH, the more basic the solution (pH of 14 is more basic than a pH of 8) |
Some examples for acids | hydrochloric acid-0, soft drinks-1 to 4, gastric contents-2 to 3, milk-6 to 7 |
Some examples for bases | egg whites-7 to 9, baking soda-8, sodium hydroxide-14 |