Question | Answer |
Pulmonary Vein | Carries oxygenated blood towards the heart from the lungs |
Pulmonary Artery | Carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs |
Aorta | largest artery in the body |
Pericardium | saclike membrane surrounding the heart |
Endocardium | a smooth layer of endothelial cells, lines the interior of the heart |
Cardiomegaly | enlarged heart |
Cardiomyopathy | Disease of heart muscle |
Endocarditis | inflammation of the interior lining of the heart |
Bundle of His | specialized muscle fibers that receives the electrical impulse from the atrioventricular node (AV). |
Phlebitis | inflammation of a vein |
Atherosclerosis | accumulation of fatty plaque in an artery (narrowing of an artery) |
Cyanosis | bluish discoloration of the skin |
Jaundice | yellowish discoloration of the skin |
Deep-vein thrombosis | blood clot forms in a large lower limb vessel |
aortic stenosis | narrowing of the aorta |
Mitral Valve Prolapse | Improper closure of the mitral valve |
Endarterectomy | removal of plaque from the inner lining of an artery |
Ventriculotomy | Surgical cut into the Ventricle |
Aneurysmectomy | removal of a vessel that has an aneurysm. |
Dermis | middle layer of the skin, contains collagen fibers, hair follicles, sebaceous glands and sweat glands |
epidermis | top layer of the skin |
subcutaneous tissue | lies under the dermis, fat layer (adipocytes), contains blood vessels |
Cutane/o | combining form for skin |
Dermat/o | combining form for skin |
Derm/o | combing form for skin |
Adip/o | combining form for fat |
Trichomycosis | fungal infection of the hair |
wheal | hive; smooth, edematous (swollen) papule or plaque that is redder or paler than the surrounding skin |
Macule | Flat lesion measuring less that 1cm in diameter (freckles) |
Ulcer | Open sore on the skin or mucous membranes (deeper than an erosion). |
pruritus | itching |
Alopecia | absence of hair from areas where it normally grows |
Petechiae | small pinpoint hemorrhage (hickie) |
Leukoplakia | white patches on a mucous membrane of tongue or cheek |
Psoriasis | Chronic, recurrent dermatosis marked by itchy, scaly, red plaques covered by silvery gray scales |
Tinea | Infection of the skin caused by a fungus (ring worm, athlete's foot) |
Bones of the face | Mandible, vomer, maxilla and zygomatic bones |
Bones of the skull | Parietal, frontal, sphenoid, ethmoid, temporal and occipital |
Humeral | pertaining to the upper arm bone |
Tibial | pertaining to the Larger lower leg bone |
Radial | pertaining to the larger forearm bone (towards thumb) |
Ulnar | pertaining to the smaller forearm bone (towards pinky) |
Osteomyelitis | inflammation of bone and bone marrow |
Multiple myeloma | many tumors of the bone marrow |
Osteoporosis | decrease in bone density(mass); thinning and weakening of bone |
Arthroplasty | surgical repair of the joint |
Tenorraphy | suture (stitches) of the tendon |
Achondroplasia | inherited condition in which the bones of the arms and legs fail to grow to normal size because of a defect in cartilage and bone formation (Dwarfism) |
Atrophy | Wasting away (no development) of muscle |
Hypertrophy | excessive growth of muscle |
Myalgia | pain of the muscles |
Polymyalgia | pain of many muscles |
arthritis | inflammation of the joint |
osteomalacia | softening of the bone |
glomerular | pertaining to the small balls of capillaries in the kidney |
ureter | tube leading from the kidney to the bladder |
Renal pelvis | collecting chamber in the kidney |
Anuria | no urine production |
Oligouria | scanty urination (small amount of urine production) |
Nocturia | urination in the middle of the night |
Polyuria | "many urines" excessive urination |
pyuria | pus in the urine |
ureterocele | hernia of the tube connecting the kidney to the urinary bladder |
Urethrostomy | creation of an opening to the outside of the body from the urethra |
Ureteroileostomy | New opening of the ureters to a segment of ileum (in place of the bladder) |
Urinary incontinence | unable to hold urine (leakage) |
Urinary retention | urine is held in the bladder even after urination |
Nephrosclerosis | hardening of blood vessels in the kidney |
Nephroptosis | prolapse of the kidney |
Lithotripsy | Shock waves to crush urinary tract stones |
Urinary Catheterization | Passage of a flexible, tubular instrument through the urethra into the urinary bladder |
Mediastinum | space between the lungs in the chest |
Peritoneum | lining (membrane) surrounding the organs of the peritoneum (abdomen) |
Trachea | windpipe |
Pharyngectomy | removal of the throat |
laryngectomy | removal of the voicebox |
Esophagectomy | removal of the esophagus |
hypoxemia | medical term for the condition of decreased oxygen in the blood |
Paroxysmal | pertaining to a sudden occurrence, such as a spasm, or seizure, used to describe asthma symptoms |
Hemoptysis | spitting up blood |
dyspnea | difficulty breathing |
Tachypnea | fast breathing |
anosmia | without smell |
Atelectasis | collapsed lung |
Pneumonitis | inflammation of the lung |
Endotracheal | pertaining to the mouth, pharynx, larynx, and trachea |
Endotracheal intubation | placing a tube through the mouth to the trachea to establish an airway |
Thoracentesis | surgical puncture into the chest (Thorax) |
Tracheostomy | creation of a surgical opening into the trachea |
Tracheotomy | incision (cut) of the windpipe |
COPD | Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases - Airway obstruction associated with emphysema and chronic bronchitis |
rhinoplasty | surgical repair of the nose |
rhinorrhea | runny nose |
epistaxis | bloody nose |
rhinitis | inflammation of the nose |
Hypertension | high blood pressure |
Pericarditis | inflammation of the membrane surrounding the heart |
aneurysm | local widening of an arterial wall (could result in rupture) |
Varicose Viens | Abnormally swollen and twisted veins, usually occurring in the legs |
murmur | extra heart sound heard between normal beats |
vasoconstriction | narrowing of a vessel |
vasodilation | increase in diameter of a vessel |
cyst | thick-walled, closed sac containing fluid or semisolid material |
crust | collection of dried serum and cellular debris |
wheal | smooth edematous area that is redder and paler than surrounding skin |
fissure | groove or crack-like sore |
pustule | papule containing pus |
vesicle | small collection of clear fluid (blister) |
flexion | bending a limb |
extension | extending a limb |
abduction | movement away from midline of the body |
adduction | movement toward the midline of the body |
rotation | circular movement around an axis |
supination | turning palm up |
pronation | turning palm down |
hematuria | blood in urine |
glycosuria | sugar in the urine |
pyuria | pus in the urine |
diabetes insipidus | Antidiuretic hormone is not secreted adequately, or the kidney is resistant to its effect |
diabetes mellitus | insulin is not secreted adequately or not used properly in the body |
dialysis | process of separating nitrogenous waste material from the blood using a dialysis machine (kidney failure) |
bilirubinuria | bilirubin in the urine |
atria | upper chambers of the heart |
ventricles | lower chambers of the heart |
vena cava | largest vein in the body |
capillaries | smallest vessels in the body - where exchange takes place |
diastole | relaxation of the heart |
systole | contraction of the heart |
sphygmomanometer | instrument used to take a blood pressure |
fibrillation | very rapid,random,inefficient and irregular contractions of the heart (350 or more per min) |
CHF - congestive heart failure | heart is unable to pump its required amount of blood |
embolism | presence of a mass of foreign material that cause a blockage in a vessel |
ischemia | lack of blood flow to an area |
necrosis | death of tissue |
defibrillation | brief discharges of electricity applied across the chest to stop dysrhythmia(AED) |
auscultation | listening to sounds within the body |
sputum | material expelled from the bronchi, lungs or upper respiratory tract by spitting |
asthma | Chronic bronchial inflammatory disorder with airway obstruction due to bronchial edema and constriction and increased mucus production |
Chronic bronchitis | inflammation of bronchi persisting over a long time; type of COPD |
emphysema | hyperinflation of air sacs with destruction of alveolar walls |
pulmonary embolism | clot or other material lodges in vessels of the lung |
onychomycosis | fungus infection of the nail |
ecchymosis | bluish-purple mark (bruise) on the skin |
gangrene | death of tissue associated with loss of blood supply |
malignant melanoma | cancerous growth composed of melanocytes |