Question | Answer |
Karl Marx | wrote Das Kapital used a scientific approach; focuses Hegelian dialect, class struggle, dictatorship of proletariat |
Hegel | believed we could reach perfection or a utopia and that history is driven by ideas; believed that there was a world spirit that oversaw all; approach he used was a thesis->antithesis->synthesis->new thesis..continues |
Tsar Nicholas II | leader in Russia during the Revolution; cousin to King George of England; left the country to be rule by others while becoming a General during WWI |
Sergei Witte | finance adviser in Russia |
Lenin | aka Vladimir Illich Ulyanov; Leader of Social Democratic Party in Swiss Exile/Marxists in Russia; in 1902 his vision “What is to be Done?”; in 1921 controls USSR |
PA Stoylpin | new prime minister in Russia who made reforms; but he arrests, tries & executed rebel peasants; assassinated in 1911 |
Gregory Rasputin | miracle man that helps the Tsar son who has hemophilia; practically runs Russia while Tsar is off fighting in the war; man that would not die |
Prince Lvov | Prime Minister of Russia during provisional government |
Lev Trotsky | Lenin's partner |
Aleksander Kerensky | elected by the Duma to lead a Kudat government during the provisional government |
Benito Mussolini | Duce aka leader of Fasci organization; editor of Avanti a socialist & communist paper |
Hitler | wrote Mein Kampf while in prison the book almost replaced the Bible |
Gustave Streesmann | Chancellor of Germany responsible for reconstructing economy by making a new currency & the meeting of Locarno |
Marshal Josef Pilsudki | military ruler and increased anti-Semitic in Poland |
Thomas Masaryk | leader of Czech |
Dollfuss | chancellor of Hungary |
Lenin’s Vision | “What is to be done?” in 1902. Rejects cooperation with parliament, development of a mass popular party & propinquity of Revolution. Demands: personal power, revolutionary elite, promotion of the revolution, & violence |
Kadets | Constitutional Democratic Party wants constitution, democracy, parliamentary regime, civil liberties, economic progress, & constitutional tsarocracy |
Social Democratic Party in Swiss Exile | Marxists in Russia led by Lenin; splits into Bolsheviks (violent) & Mensheviks (peace) |
Red vs. White Russians | red supported the revolution whites opposed it; red army eventually overcame opposition |
Fascists | political anti-democratic, anti-Marxist, antiparliamentary, & freq anti-Semitic group; symbol is a fascicle meaning strength in numbers; nationalism is separate the races |
Fasci di Combattimento | “Band of Combat” found in Milan 1919 & were veterans of war “black shirts” |
Der Reichstag | parliament allotted by proportional representation; ministers were responsible to it; the president removed/appointed the Chancellor or head of the cabinet |
Article 48 | allowed the president to rule by decree in the Reichstag in emergency |
Nazis | National Socialist German Workers Party that didn’t like the Versailles treaty or Jews & wanted to reunite Austria & Germany |
Strum Abteilung | army of “storm troopers” lead by Captain Ernst Roehm used to intimidate people & beating Jews & Communist up; known as “brown shirts” |
Balfour Declaration | promised homeland of Jews in Palestine but did nothing |
Russo-Japanese War | 1904-5 over Port Arthur; Russia loses when Baltic Fleet goes right thru Japan & Korea @ Battle of Tsushima Straits; Peace conference was held in NJ, USA |
October Manifesto | 10/17/1905 Tsar agreed to election of Parliament called “of Duma”; but the Tsar would still: appoint ministers, control finances, run military, & run foreign affairs |
April 1906 in Russia | Duma isn’t pleasing Tsar so he dissolves it & again in February 1907 |
March 8, 1917 in Russia | Riot in Petrograd Tsar orders army to shoot to control it but army regenes & ministers resign |
March 15,1917 in Russia | Duma calls for Tsar to give up crown ending Romanov Dynasty |
The Big 4 | Woodrow Wilson from USA with 14 Points
George Clemenceau from France
David Lloyd George from England
Vittorio Emmanuelle Orlando from Italy |
Latern Accord | peace between state and church in Italy; Vatican became the official church |
Nov 1922 in Italy | Mussolini becomes dictatorial authority for a year & places many fascists in office |
1926 in Italy | Italy is officially a dictorial state |
Locarno meeting | with France & England to work out an agreement about the future & becomes a part of league of Nations |
James Weldon Johnson | The Creation |
Langsten Hughes | The Negro Speaks of Rivers, Let America Be America Again, & I too sing America |
Countee Cullen | Yet do I marvel & Heritage |
James Joyce | The Dead |
Virginia Woolf | A Room of ONe's Own |
William Faulkner | Barn Burning |
Katherine Mansfield | The Garden Party |