Question | Answer |
Whole Blood is made of these 2 components | Plasma and Red Blood Cells |
Blood Plasma is made of these 3 components | Proteins, Water, and Other Solutes |
The 3 main proteins found in blood | Albumins, Globulins, and Fibrinogen |
The 6 solutes found in the blood | Electrolytes, Nutrients, Gases, Regulatory Substances, Vitamins, and Waste Products |
Definition of a formed element | Cellular components of the blood |
3 classes of formed elements | Platelets, white blood cells, and red blood cells |
5 classes of white blood cells | Neutrophils, Lumphocytes, Monocytes, Eosinophils, and Basophils |
Relationship between Erythrocyte and Erythropoesis | Erythropoesis is the formation of Red Blood Cells
Enrythrocytes are mature Red Blood Cell |
Relationship between reticulocytes and red blood cells | a Red Blood Cell precursor ejects it's nucleus and becomes a reticulocyte |
Role of a neutrophil | first to respond to bacterial invasion by carrying on phagocytosis and releasing enzymes |
Role of a monocyte | migrate into infected tissues and clean up cellular debris following an infection |
Role of an eosinophil | release enzymes that combat inflammation in allergic reactions.
-a high eosinophil count often indicates an allergic condition or a parasitic infection |
Role of a basophil | intensify the inflammatory reaction and are involved in allergic reactions |
Role of B, T, and natural killer cells | B cells- develop into plasma cells and produce antibodies that help destroy bacteria
T cells- attack viruses, fungi, transplanted cells, cancer cells, and some bacteria
Natural killer cells- attack infectious microbes and tumor cells |
What is hemostasis? | a sequence of responses that stops bleeding when blood vessels are injured |
3 methods of reduction of blood loss | vascular spasm, platelet plug formation, and blood clotting |
What is a hemorrhage? | the loss of a large amount of blood from the vessels |
How does vascular spasm aid in hemostasis? | it reduces blood loss for several minutes to several hours in which the other hemostatic mechanisms can begin to operate |
How does platelet plug formation aid in hemostasis? | platelets' characteristics change drastically and they quickly come together to form a platelet plug that helps fill the gap in the injured blood vessel wall |
How does clotting aid in hemostasis? | When blood is withdrawn from the body, it thickens and forms a gel, the gel then forms a clot to stop the flow of blood |
The difference between a thrombus and an embolus | thrombus is the blood clot
embolus is a blood clot, bubble of air, fat from broken bones, or piece of debris transported by the bloodstream |
What is a pulmonary embolism and why is one dangerous? | when an embolus becomes lodged in the lungs, and it may result in death |
What makes one blood group different from another? | the presence or absence of various isoantigens |
How is type A blood different from type B? | RBC's that only have antigen A are Type A
RBC's that only have antigen B are Type B |
How is type AB blood different from Types A or B? | If you have both A and B antigens rather than just one |
What does an anti-A antibody do? | reacts with antigen A |
What does an anti-B antibody do? | reacts with antigen B |
Who has an anti-A antibody? Who does not? | has=Type B not=Type A, AB, and O |
Who had an anti-B antibody? Who does not? | has=Type A not=Type B, AB, and O |
What happens in an incompatible blood transfusion? | antibodies in the recipient's plasma bind to the antigens on the donated RBC's and cause hemolysis and release hemoglobin into the plasma |
What is the difference between Rh+ and Rh- blood? | If you have Rh antigen-->Rh+
no Rh antigen-->Rh- |
What is anemia and what are the symptoms? | condition in which the oxygen-carrying capacity of blood is reduced
symptoms: fatigue, intolerant of cold, pale |
What is the cause of iron-deficiency anemia? | caused by inadequate absorption of iron, excessive loss of iron, or insufficient intake of iron |
What is the cause of pernicious anemia? | caused by insufficient hemopoiesis resulting from an inability of the stomach to produce intrinsic factor |
What is the case of hemorrhagic anemia? | caused by an excessive loss of RBC's through bleeding resulting from large wounds stomach ulcers, or heavy menstruation |
What is the cause of hemolytic anemia? | caused by RBC plasma membranes rupture prematurely, inherited defects or from outside agents such as parasites, toxins, or antibodies from incompatible transfused blood |
What is the cause of thalassemia (anemia)? | abnormality in one or more of the four polypeptide chains of the hemoglobin molecule, occurs in populations from countries bordering the Mediterranean Sea. |
What is the cause of aplastic anemia? | results from destruction of the red bone marrow caused by toxins, gamma radiation and certain medications that inhibit enzymes needed for hemopoiesis |
What are the causes and symptoms of sickle cell anemia? | RBC's contain an abnormal kind of hemoglobin, sickle cells rupture easily, prolonged oxygen reduction may eventually cause extensive tissue damage |
What are the causes and symptoms of hemophilia? | inherited deficiency of clotting in which bleeding may occur spontaneously or after only minor trauma
symptoms: intramuscular hemorrhaging, nosebleeds, blood in the urine, and hemorrhages in joints that produce pain and tissue damage |
What are the causes and symptoms of leukemia? | accumulation of either mature or immature leukocytes because they don't die at the end of their normal life span |
Reticulocyte | counting the volume of reticulocytes in a sample of blood -measures rate of erythropoesis |
Hematocrit | Counting the % of a blood sample that is composed of RBC's -diagnoses anemia |
Differential WBC count | Count various forms of WBC to assess for infections and manufacture of WBC's. |
Complete Blood Count | Measure volume of all blood components, measures blood components that are out of range |
-emia | blood condition |
erythr(o)- | red |
gluc(o) | sugar, glucose |
glyc(o) | sugar, sweet |
hem(o), hemat(o) | blood, hemorrhage |
-rrhagia | hemorrhage, excessive discharge |
phleb(o) | vein |
thromb(o) | blood clot |