Term | Definition | Examples |
Axial | the central part of the body/skeleton | Head, Neck, Vertebral column, Thoracic |
Appendicular | an appendage or limb | Arms, Legs |
Pectoral Girdle | point of attachment for bones of arm and hand | Clavicle and Scapula |
Pelvic Girdle | point of attachment for bones of leg and foot | Ilium, Ischium, and Pubis |
Process | any roughened protrusion or bump | for Muscle Attachment - Mastoid |
Spine | an pointed process of slender ridge | for Muscle Attachment - Scapula |
Crest | roughened, curved ridge | for Muscle Attachment - Iliac |
Condyle | smooth, rounded knob forming a Joint | distal end of Femur |
Epicondyle | prominence near a condyle - rough | Muscle Attachment - distal end of Femur |
Tubercle | small, rounded nodule | Muscle Attachment - proximal bumps |
Tuberosity | Large, Rough process | Muscle Attachment - Radial |
Trochanter | very Large, Blunt projection | proximal of Femur |
Fossa | Shallow, Pocket, often forming a joint | Hip |
Fovea | small Pit - for ligament attachment | in proximal head of Femur |
Sulcus | groove | often for Blood Vessels |
Facet | Flat, Smooth pad - forming a joint/articulation | Vertebrae |
Foramen | communicating holes for Blood Vessels and Nerves | Foramen ovale, Optic Foramen, Foramen Magnum |
Fissure | narrow Slit or Gap for passage of Blood Vessels or Nerves - often Between Bones | Superior Orbital Fissure |
Orbit | Deep socket for the Eyeball | PF SMELZ |
Meatus | Entrance into a Tubular canal Within a bone | Internal/External Auditory Meatus |
Sinus | Concealed, hollow cavity for lightening bones | Frontal, Ethmoid, Sphenoid sinuses |
Extension | INCREASING the ANGLE between 2 bones | extending the arm |
Flexion | DECREASING the ANGLE between 2 bones | lifting the leg |
Abduction | moving AWAY from the MIDLINE | side kicks |
Adduction | moving TOWARD the MIDLINE | bringing legs together |
Rotation | REVOLVING around the center AXIS | humerous |
Circumduction | the END of an appendage describes the CIRCLE | rolling the head |
Supination | moving PALMS from POSTERIOR ---> ANTERIOR | palms |
Pronation | moving PALMS from ANTERIOR ---> POSTERIOR | palms |
Protraction | HORIZONTAL motion of a bodily part, ANTERIORLY | stick out tongue |
Retraction | HORIZONTAL motion of a bodily part, POSTERIORLY | put tongue back into mouth |
Elevation | VERTICAL motion, SUPERIORLY | eyelids, shoulders |
Depression | VERTICAL motion, INFERIORLY | shoulders |
Plantar Flexion | movement of the foot as HEEL ELEVATES | stepping on gas pedal |
Dorsiflexion | movement of the foot as HEEL is DEPRESSED | squats, walking |