Question | Answer |
Protostar | an early stage in the process of star formation |
Sunspots | They are caused by intense magnetic activity. Dark spots compared to surrounding areas. |
Supernova | burst of radiation, new star |
High mass Star Formation | main sequence, red super giant, supernova, black hole OR neutron star |
Low mass star formation | main sequence, red giant, white dwarf |
fusion | nuclei join together and expand the whole star |
H-R Diagram | scatter graph of stars showing the relationship between the stars' absolute magnitudes |
Absolute magnitude | measure of a celestial object's brightness |
Black hole | region of spacetime from which nothing (not even light) can escape |
fission | (splitting of something into two parts) is a nuclear reaction where the nucleus splits into smaller parts , producing neutrons and protons (in the form of gamma rays), and releasing energy. |
What does the sun effect? | EVERYTHING |
How much mass does the Sun contain of the whole Solar System? | 98.86% |
Different colored stars = | Different surface temperature |
Sun | Hydrogen & Helium |
Plasma | part of matter; when hydrogen atoms produce energy |
At extreme temperatures, atoms... | Electrons are stripped off and leave nuclei |
Core | Center of the sun
*matter is 10x denser than lead |
gravity & Sun | Large amount of mass = continual nuclear reactions |
radiation Zone | next to the core. Photons bounce |
Interface Layer | Between radiation zone and convection zone. Magnetic field |
Convection Zone | *Cooler temperature = atoms with electrons will have convect |
Convect | Circular movement of particles, heat goes through them |
Name all the outer Layers of the sun | Photosphere Chromosphere, and Corona |
How many Inner layers of the sun are there? | 4 |
name the inner layers of the sun | Core, Interface, convection, radiation zone |
How many outer layers of the sun are there? | 3 |
Photosphere | Visible surface of the sun, Most light, (No solid materials)thin |
What does photosphere mean? | Sphere of light |
Chromosphere | Above the photosphere, hotter than the photosphere |
Corona | Final Layer, visible during a solar eclipse, forms energy
*Corona expands from sun = Solar Wind |
Chromosphere means... | sphere of color |
Corona means... | crown |
is the Sun static? | NO |
Is the sun a solid? | NO |
What is one thing the sun does for the planets? | Holds planets in orbit |
Sun's energy is = to | 40,000 WATTS per day |
Solar Wind | when particles escape the gravitational pull from the sun at variety of speeds, which gives off magnetic charge, which sets them free in our solar system |
What can Solar Wind do? | Destroy space equipment |
Solar Flares | Violent eruption off the sun = to TNT |
Sunspots | Cooler/darker places on sun |
Little Ice Age | point in time when the sun was "quiet" when rivers were frozen and ice was everywhere |
Example of radiation | Blacksmith's hot iron |
As objects get hotter, what do the wavelengths of its radiation do? | they shorten and change colors (ROYGBIV Wavelength) |
Temperature of a star can be determined by its... | COLOR |
Absolute magnitude | Measure of brightness stars generate from the surface |
Bright star magnitude = | -5k or below |
Average star magnitude = | 1k |
dim star magnitude = | 10k |
k stands for ... | Kelvin Scale |
How do you find temp. using kelvin scale? | Temperature in Celsius + 273 |
What does an H-R Diagram show?! | Temperature, absolute magnitude, color, and star |
What did Hertzbrung and Russell discover? | There is a relationship between brightness and surface temperature |
Main Sequence (Line of stars) | S - shaped line with adult stars |
Red Giants | bright b/c of size, but are cooler in temperature |
White Dwarfs | Extremely hot b/c of helium fusion yet dim b/c of size |
How is the H-R Diagram useful? | To classify stars/predict how stars change over time. (Temperature and Brightness) |
Blue = (Temperature) | HOT |
Why is blue the color of the hottest stars? | More wave frequency = more energy = radiation! |
What color would a star with 11,000 - 25,000k be? | BLUE |
What color would a star with 5,000 - 7,500 k be? | Yellow |
If a star had an absolute magnitude of -1, what kind of star would it be? | Giant |
Name 7 parts of the sun | Sunspots, Core, Radiation zone, convection zone, corona, chromosphere, andphotosphere |