Question | Answer |
Cardinal vital signs | temp, HR, resp., BP, O2 sat |
6th vital sign | pain |
when take vital signs | admission to hospital, change in condition, before/after surgery, blood administration, docs orders, before/after meds |
body temperature | heat produced - heat lost |
normal temp | 36-38c (96.8-100.4F)
Fever: 101> |
core temp | deep tissue
pulmonary artery, esophagus, urinary bladder |
what controls body temp? | hypothalamus |
BMR | basil metabolic rate - heat production at rest |
conduction
radiation
convection
evaporation | xfer heat with contact - fall snow
xfer heat w/o contact - fireplace
xfer heat w/ air - fan
xfer heat to gas - sweat |
fever | pyrexia, febrile, FUD
106 = tissue damage |
afebrile | w/o fever |
pyrogens | stimulate WBC's to fight infection |
hyperthermia
hypothermia | dry skin,no sweat(heat stroke)cool
can't produce heat, warm |
patterns of fever | sustained
intermittent - spike, return normal
remittent - spike, no normal
relapsing - spike, normal, spike |
thermometers and locations | tympanic - 1 degree below oral
rectum - 1 above oral
oral
axilla - 1 below oral
skin, temporal artery |
calculate centigrade to fahrenheit
F to C | 9/5 x C + 32 = F
F - 32 x 5/9 = C |
antipyretics | helps hypothalamus reset set point. ex: ibuprofen, motrin, tylenol |
pulse
pulse rate | wave of blood in aa by contraction of L ventricle
# of pulsations in 1 min |
stroke volume SV | amt. of blood enter aorta
norm: 60-70 ml per beat |
cardiac output CO | amt of blood pumped by heart for 1min
CO = SV x HR |
pulse sites | temporal, carotid, brachial, apical, radial, ulnar, femoral popliteal, post. tibial, doral pedis |
pulse rate
rhythm
tension | tachycardia >100, bradycardia <60
dysrhythmia, pulse deficit
strength, equality |
factors influence pulse | exercise, temp, emotions, stimulatns, drugs, hemorrhage, position changes |
apical pulse | audible, midclavicular 4th/5th intercostals |
dysrhythmia | abnormal heart beat |
pulse deficit | inefficient pulse wave. Listen to apical and take radial, should be same |
blood pressure | force exerted by blood when pulsating thru aa |
systolic pressure SBP | peak of max pressure at ejection |
diastolic DBP | lowest pressure at all times |
pulse pressure | SBP - DBP
norm = 30-40 mmHg |
MAP | mean arterial pressure
2 x DBP + SBP/3
Norm = >60 |
Normal BP
Hypertension | 120/80
prehypertension: 120-139/80-89
stage 1 hyper 140-159/90-99
stage 2 >/= 160/100 |
BP cuff | wide - false low, loose - false high
positioned below/above - false low/h |
Eupnea | normal respiration & depth |
Bradypnea
tachypnea
hyperpnea
hyperventilation/hypoventilation | decr resp
incr resp
resp incr in depth (excercise)
incr rate/depth
decr rate/depth |
arterial pressure rates
newborn
1mo
1yr
6yrs
10-13
14-17 | 40
85/54
95/65
105/65
110/65
119/75 |
Respiratory rates
newborn
infant
toddler
child
adol
adult | 35-40
30-50
25-32
20-30
16-20
12-20 |
pulse oximetry | indirect measure of O2 saturation in blood
Norm = >90% |
3 processes of respiration | ventilation - amt of air
perfusion - circulation of blood
diffusion - xchange of gases |
caries | tooth decay |
periodontal disease | gum disease |
glossitis
gingivitis
halitosis
cheilosis | inflamed tongue
inflamed gums
bad breath
cracked lips |
Assess hair | dandruff, ticks, pediculosis capitis (head lice), corporis (body lice), pubis (crab lice) alopecia (balding) |
bed positions | Fowler's - 45deg, semi-Fowler's- 30
Trendelenburg - head down
reverse Trendelenburg - foot down
Flat |
Hand Wash | before direct contact
before putting on sterile gloves
before/after procedure
after contact w/ skin
after contact w/ body fluids
moving from contaminated to clean
after removing gloves |
3 layers of skin | epidermis, dermis, subcutaneous |
buccal cavity | between cheek and gum |