Question | Answer |
Prefixes:
Anti- | against |
Prefixes:
Epi- | top |
Prefixes:
Hyper- | excessive;above |
Prefixes:
Intra- | inside;within |
Prefixes:
Sub- | under |
Prefixes:
Trans- | through |
Suffixes:
-ectomy | removal;excision |
Suffixes:
-itis | inflammation |
Suffixes:
-oma | tumor;mass |
Suffixes:
-osis | abnormal condition |
Suffixes:
-plasty | surgical repair |
Suffixes:
-ule | small;diminutive |
Combining forms:
cutane/o, dermat/o, derm/o | skin |
Combining forms:
follicul/o | follicle |
Combining forms:
hidr/o | sweat |
Combining forms:
kerat/o | hard;horny |
Combining forms:
myc/o | fungus |
Combining forms:
onych/o, ungu/o | nail |
Combining forms:
seb/o | subum,oil |
Combining forms:
trich/o | hair |
Combining forms:
aden/o | gland |
Combining forms:
hidraden/o | sudoriferous gland |
Layers of the Skin... | (strata)
-Epidermis (outer layer-avascular)
-Dermis/corium (inner layer)
-Hypodermis/subcutaneous layer (layer of connective tissue mainly adipose/fat) |
Composition of epidermis... | Stratified squamous (squam/o) epithelium
-Basal (bas/o)layer: stratum germinativum
-Stratum comeum (come/o) |
Epidermis:
Keratinocytes | Keratin |
Epidermis:
Melanocytes | Melanin (pigment produced to protect from uv light) |
Dermis composed of... | vascular connective tissue |
Structures of dermis: | -blood and lyphatic vessels
-nerves
-hair follicles
-sebaceous (oil that helps to lubricate hair)
-sudoriferous glands (sweat glands) |
Hair structure: | Follicles
-shaft
-papilla |
Nail structures: | -Nail body
-Nail root
-Nail bed
-Lunula (white 'half moon' at base of nail)
-Eponychium (cuticle) |
Primary lesion | early skin changes that have not yet undergone natural evolution of change caused by manipulation |
Secondary lesion | result of natural evolution or manipulation of a primary lesion |
Primary lesions:
Cysts | nodule filled with a semisolid material |
Primary lesions:
Nodules | palpable, solid lesion, LESS than 2 cm |
Primary lesions:
Tumors | nodule MORE than 2 cm |
Primary lesions:
Hematomas | blood trapped in the tissue and palpable to the exterior |
Primary lesions:
Petechia | tiny bruises within the dermal layer |
Primary lesions:
Ecchymosis | hemorrhage or extravasation (leaking) of blood into the subcutaneous tissue (BRUISE) |
Primary lesions:
Purpura | massive hemorrhage into the tissues under the skin |
Primary lesions:
Macules | flat blemish or discoloration less than 1 cm, such as a freckle, portwine stain or tattoo |
Primary lesions:
Papules | raised solid skin lesion less than 1 cm such as a pimple |
Primary lesions:
Wheals | elevated papule caused by localized swelling, which can result from a bug bite or allergic reactions (urticaria or hives) |
Primary lesions:
Vesicles/bullae | blister,bulla |
Primary lesions:
Pustules | superficial elevated lesion containing of an infection such as acne |
Secondary lesions:
Atrophy | wasted skin often occurring in the aged or as stretch marks from rapid weight gain |
Secondary lesions:
Cicatrix | scar |
Secondary lesions:
Keloid | scar that is an overgrowth of tissue at the site of injury |
Secondary lesions:
Eschar | scab |
Secondary lesions:
Fissure | cracklike lesion of the skin such as an anal fissure |
Secondary lesions:
Ulcer | craterlike lesion of the skin or mucous membrane resulting from necrosis (tissue death) |
Pruritus | itch |
Suffixes:
-rrheic | pertaining to discharge |
Candidiasis | yeast infection |
Dermatomycoses | fungal infection of the skin |
Tinea | capitis-scalp
corporis-ringworm
cruris-jock itch
pedis-athlete's foot |
Pediculosis | head lice |
Scabies | parasitic infestation caused by mites |
Herpes simplex virus (HSV) | HSV-1: cold sores
HSV-2: genital herpes |
Herpes zoster | shingles |
Alopecia | hair loss;balding |
Hypertrichosis | excess of hair |
Verruca | warts |
Ichthyosis | dry skin that has the scaly appearance of a fish (Xeroderma) |
Xer/o | dry |
Albinism | lack of melaninproduction |
Vitiligo | irregular patches of various sizes lacking pigment |
Chrom/o | color |
Anhidrosis | little or no sweat |
Hidradenitis | inflammation of the sweat glands |
Hyperhidrosis | excessive perspiration |
Miliaria | minute vesicles and papules often with surrounding erythema (redness of the skin)caused by occlusion of sweat ducts during times of exposure to heat and high humidity |
Onychia (Onychitis) | inflammation of fingernail |
Onychocryptosis | ingrown toenail |
Onychomycosis | nail fungus |
Degrees of burns | First - epidermis (superficial thickness)
Second- epidermis and part of dermis (partial thickness)
Third- epidermis, dermis and subcutaneous (full thickness)
Fourth- beyond into the muscle and bone (deep full thickness) |
Rule of nines | Head and Neck - 9%
Arms, hands, shoulders - 18%
Front and back torso - 36%
Genital area - 1%
Each lower limb - 9% |
Angioma | Hemangioma - localized vascular lesion |
Lipoma | fatty tumor that is a soft movable, subcutaneous nodule |
Nevus | Mole |
Acrochorons | skin tags |
Dysplastic = ABCD | A-asymmetry
B-Borders,irregular
C-Colors,changes or uneven pigmentation
D-Diameter, increasing size or >6 mm |
Malignant Neoplasms:
Basal cell carcinoma (BCCA) | most common form of skin cancer (result from sun exposure) |
Malignant Neoplasms:
Squamous cell carcinoma (SCCA) | second most common skin cancer (sun exposure but grows slower) |
Malignant Neoplasms:
Kaposi sarcoma (KS) | rare form of skin cancer that takes the form of red//blue/brown/purple nodules, usually on the extremeties (AIDS pts) |
Excisional biopsy | entire tumor removed with borders as a means of diagnosis and treatment |
Exfoliation | scraping or shaving off |
Incisional biopsy | cutting into;excise a wedge of tissue |
Needle aspiration | aspiration of fluid from lesions using a syringe |
Punch biopsy | punch is inserted through to the subcutaneous tissue; tissue is cut off at the base |
Dermatome | instrument used to remove split-skin grafts |
Autograft | self |
Allograft | donor |
Xenograft | animal |
Flap graft | section of skin transferred from one location to an immediately adjacent one. (skin graft) |
Split-thickness skin graft (STSG) | skin graft in which the epidermis and parts of the dermis are used |
Full-thickness skin graft (FTSG) | free skin graft in which full portions of both the epidermis and the dermis are used |
Cauterization | destruction of tissue by burning with heat |
cryosurgery | destruction of tissue through use of extreme cold, usually liquid nitrogen |
Curettage | scraping of material from wall of a cavity or other surface to obtain tissue for microscopic examination |
Debridement | first step in wound treatment, involving removal of dirt, FB, damaged tissue and cellular debris from the wound or burn to prevent infection and to promote healing |
Escharotomy | surgical incision into necrotic tissue resulting from a severe burn |
Incision & Drainage | cutting open and removing the contents of a wound, cyst or other lesion |
Blepharaoplasty | surgical repair of the eyelid |
Dermabrasion | surgical procedure to resurface the skin; used to remove acne scars, nevi, wrinkles and tattoos |
Dermatoplaty | transplant of living skin to correct effects of injury, operation or disease |
Lipectomy | removal of fatty tissue |
Liposuction | technique for removing adipose tissue with a suction pump device |
Rhytidectomy | (face lift)
surgical operation to remove wrinkle |
Routes of Administration:
Hypodermic (H) | under the skin |
Routes of Administration:
Intradermal (ID) | within the dermis |
Routes of Administration:
Subcutaneous | injection into the fat layer beneath the skin |
Routes of Administration:
Topical | drug applied directly onto the skin as a cream, gel, lotion or ointment |
Transdermal therapeutic system (TTS) | transdermal patch (nitroglycerin for angina) |
Pharmacology:
Anesthetics | reduce pain and discomfort (lidocaine and solarcaine) |
Pharmacology:
Antibacterials | prevent and treat bacterial growth |
Pharmacology:
Antifungals | attack fungi |
Pharmacology:
Antihistamines | lessen itching by reducing allergic response |
Pharmacology:
Antiinflammatories | reduce inflammation and pain |
Pharmacology:
Antipsoriatics | specifically treat psoriasis |
Pharmacology:
Antiseptics | prevent infection by destroying microbials |
Pharmacology:
Antivirals | lessen effect of viruses
(valtrex and zovirax) |
Pharmacology:
Emollients | soften the skin |
Pharmacology:
Immunomodulators/immunosuppressants | suppress immune system |
Pharmacology:
Keratolytics | break down hardened skin and shed top layer of dead skin to treat warts, calluses, corns, acne, rosacea and psoriasis |
Pharmacology:
Pediculicides | destroy lice |
Pharmacology:
Protectives | sun protection factors |
Pharmacology:
Retinoids | derived from vitamin Alters growth of top layer of skin |
Pharmacology:
Scabicides | destroy mites and scabies |
Aloe vera used to treat... | sunburn and stomach ulcers |
Tea Tree Oil used to treat... | boils, wound infections, acne |
Prefixes:
Tel/e | distant |
Combining forms:
Top/o | place |
Combining forms:
Crur/o | leg |
Combining forms:
Squam/o | scaly |
Combining forms:
Occlus/o | to close |