Muscle | Attachment 1 (origin) | Attachment 2 (insertion) | Action 1 | Action 2 | Other actions | Innervation |
Sternocleidomastoid | Manubrium of sternum; clavicle | Mastoid process of temporal bone | Neck flexion | Lateral flexion of the neck and head | Contralateral rotation of the neck and head | Spinal Accessory Nerve (cn 11) |
Platysma | Pectorlis major and deltiod | Mandible | Depresses lower lip and jaw | neck flexion | | Cervical branch of Facial Nerve (cn 7) |
Scalenes | Transverse processes of cervical vertebrae | 1st and 2nd rib | Elevate first two ribs | Assist in neck flexion | Lateral flexion of neck | Cervical spinal nerves |
Splenius capitis | Nuchal ligament and spinous processes of C7 to T4 | Occipital bone and mastoid process | Extension of the head and neck | Ipsilateral rotation of the head and neck | Lateral flexion of the head and neck | Cervical spinal nerves |
Trapezius (the "traps") | Occiput, Nuchal ligament, and Spinous Processes of C7 to T12 | Lateral clavicle, Acromion process, and Spine of the scapula | Upper: Elevation and upward rotation of the scapula | Middle: retraction of the scapula | Lower: depression, upward rotation of the scapula | Spinal Accessory Nerve (cn 11) |
Levator scapulae | Transverse processes of C3 and C4 | Medial border of the scapula | Elevation of the scapula | Downward rotation of the scapula | | Dorsal scapular nerve |
Rhomboid major and minor | Spinous processes of C7 to T5 | Medial border of the scapula | Retraction of the scapula | Downward rotation of the scapula | Elevation of the scapula | Dorsal scapular nerve |
Serratus anterior | Ribs 1-9 | Anterior surface of the medial border of the scapula | Protraction (abduction) of the scapula | Upward rotation of the scapula | | Long Thoracic Nerve |
Pectoralis minor | Ribs 3-5 | Coracoid process of the scapula | Protraction (abduction) of the scapula | Depression of the scapula | Downward rotation of the scapula, Elevation of ribs 3-5 | Medial and lateral pectoral nerves |
Suboccipitals | C1 and C2 | Occiput | Postural muscles | | | Suboccipital nerve |
Infrahyoids | Hyoid bone | Sternum, thyroid cartilage, scapula, and clavicle | Depression of the hyoid bone | | | Cervical Plexus, Hypoglassal Nerve (cn 12) |
Suprahyoids | Hyoid bone | Temporal bone, mandible | Elevation of the hyoid bone | | | Trigeminal Nerve (cn 5), Facial Nerve (cn 7) , Hypoglossal nerve (cn 12) |
Stylohyoid | styloid proces | hyoid bone | elevates hyoid | (blank) | (blank) | facial nerve |
Mylohyoid | mandible | hyoid bone | elevates hyoid | (blank) | (blank) | alveolar nerve |
Geniohyoid | mandible | hyoid bone | elevates hyoid | (blank) | (blank) | alveolar nerve |
Sternohyoid | manubrium | hyoid bone | depresses hyoid | (blank) | (blank) | cervical spinal nerve |
Thyrohyoid | thyriod cartilage | hyoid bone | depresses hyoid | (blank) | (blank) | cervical spinal nerve |
Longus Capitis | Cervical vertebrae | Occipital bone | flexs- rotates the head | (blank) | (blank) | cervical spinal nerve |
Longus Colli | Thoracic vertebrae 1, 2 | cervical vertebrae 5, 6 | bends neck forward | (blank) | (blank) | cervical spinal nerve |
Scalenus Anterior | cervical vertebrae | first rib | bend cervical forward | (blank) | (blank) | cervical spinal nerve |
Scalenus Posterior | cervical vertebrae | second rib | bend cervical | (blank) | (blank) | cervical spinal nerve |