Question | Answer |
homeostasis | Process to maintain a constant internal environment |
Kidneys | Filter blood to remove waste and excess water |
Renal | Pertaining to the kidney |
Cortex | outer region of the kidney |
Medulla | inner region of the kidney and it contains most of the urine collecting tubules |
Hilum | Indentation of the kidney where the renal artery and renal vein enter |
nephron | Microscopic functional units of the kidney |
glomerulus | Little ball-shaped cluster of capillaries located at the top of each nephron |
Bowman's capsule | Top part of the nephron that encloses the glomerulus |
Filtration | blood enters the kidney with waste products which are filtered out in the nephron |
Renal pelvis | funnel shaped area of the kidney where newly formed urine collects |
creatinine | Waste product of muscle metabolism filtered out of the blood by the kidneys and excreted in the urine |
ureter | Tube that carries urine from the kidney to the bladder |
Bladder | Hollow muscular organ which holds the urine before it is excreted |
Rugae | Folds that allow bladder to expand and contract |
Void | Urination |
urethra | Single canal that carries urine to the outside of the body |
Urinary meatus | External opening of the urethra |
Urine | 95%water and 5% other wastes |
cystitis | Inflammation of the bladder |
nephritis | Inflammation of the kidney |
Renal Calculi | Presence of renal stone or stones caused by mineral buildup in the kidneys |
Renal Failure | Inability of the kidneys to perform their functions |
polyuria | Condition of excessive urination |
oliguria | Scanty production of urine |
anuria | Absence of urine formation |
pyuria | Presence of white cells in the urine, usually indicating infection |
nocturia | Urination at night |
dysuria | Painful urination |
hematuria | Presence of blood in the urine |
nocturnal enuresis | Bed wetting during sleep |
incontinence | Involuntary discharge of urine or feces |
Urinary retention | Inability to empty the bladder |
pyelonephritis | Inflammation of the renal pelvis |
urinary tract infection (UTI) | Invasion of pathogenic organisms (commonly bacteria) in the structures of the urinary tract, especially the urethra and bladder; symptoms include |
cystoscopy | Examination of the bladder using a rigid or flexible cystoscope |
urinalysis (UA) | Physical, chemical, and microscopic examination of urine |
specific gravity (SpGr) | Measure of the kidney's ability to concentrate or dilute urine |
nitrite | Chemical test used to detect bacteria in the urine |
blood urea nitrogen (BUN) | Blood test to determine the level of urea in the blood - a high value indicates the kidney's inability to excrete urea |
urine culture and sensitivity (C & S) | Isolation of a urine specimen in a culture medium that propagates the growth of microorganisms; organisms that grow in the culture are identified, and drugs to which they are sensitive are listed |
hemodialysis | Method to remove impurities by pumping the patient's blood through a dialyzer, the specialized filter of the artificial kidney machine (hemodialyzer) |
peritoneal dialysis | Method of removing impurities using the peritoneum as the filter; catheter insertion in the peritoneal cavity is required to deliver cleansing fluid (dialysate) that is washed in and out in cycles |
Foley catheter | Indwelling catheter inserted through the urethra into the bladder; includes a collection system that allows urine to be drained into a bag - can remain in place for an extended time |
suprapubic catheter | Indwelling catheter inserted directly into the bladder through an abdominal incision above the pubic bone; includes a collection system that allows urine to be drained into a bag - used in patients requiring long-term catheterization |
kidney transplant | graft of a donor kidney to replace a failed kidney |
lithotripsy | to crush a stone |
nephro/o, ren/o | Kidneys |
pyel/o | Renal pelvis |
ur/o, urin/o | Urine |
ureter/o | Ureters |
cyst/o | Urinary Bladder |
urethr/o | Urethra |
prostat/o | Prostate |