Question | Answer |
What is the old ways people viewed health? | as the absence of disease |
In the 1990's the US started focusing on? | health promotion and disease prevention |
Research shows what about health? | has shown dramatic improvment in the nation's health |
What are the two goals of healthy people 2010? | to increase quality and years of healthy life and to eliminate health disparities |
What four areas does healthy people include? | promote healthy behaviors, promoting healthy and safe communities, imporving systems for personal and public health, and preventing and reducing diseases and disorders |
What is health? | state of complete physical, mental, and socail well being, not merely the absence of disease or infirmity |
Every person has a personal? | concept of health |
Health varies between? | different age goups, genders, races, and cultures |
Health has widened to include? | mental, social, and spiritual well being |
What are life conditions? | environment, diet, lifestyle practices |
A nurses attitude toward health and illness should consider? | The total person, as well as the environment in which the person lives |
What is a model? | a theoretical way of understant a concept or idea |
Models represnt? | different ways to approaching complex issues |
What are health beliefs? | a person's ideas, convictions, and attitudes about health and illness |
What are positive health behaviors? | activities related to maintaining, attaining, or regaining good health and preventing illness |
What are types of positive health behaviors? | shots, sleep, excercise, and nutrition |
What are negative health behaviors? | drug, alcohol abuse, poor diet, and refusal to take meds |
What is the health belief model? | it addresses the relationship between person's belief and behaviors |
What does the health belief model help understand? | how clients will behave in relation to their health and how they will comply with health care therapies |
What is the first component of health belief model? | the pt's perception of susceptibilty to an illness |
What is the second component of health belief model? | individual's perception of the seriousness of the illness |
What is the third component of health belief model? | results from the person's perception of the benefits of and barriers to taking aciton |
Wht preventative actions might a pt do? | lifestyle change, increased adherence to medical therapies, or a search for medical advice or treatment |
What is the health promotion model? | a complementary counterpart to models of health protection |
Health promotion is directed at? | increasing a pt's level of well bing |
What 3 areas does the health promotion model include? | individual characteristics and experiences, behavior specific knowledge and affect and behavioral outcomes |
What are health promoting behaviors? | improved health, enhanced functional ability, better quality of life |
What is the basic human needs model? | elements that are neccesary for humans survival and health |
What is maslow's hierarchy of needs is what kind of model? | nurses use to understand the interrelationships of basic human needs |
Self actualization is the highest expression? | of on'es individual potential and allows for continual discovery of self |
Maslow's model takes into account? | individuals experiences, always unique to the individual |
Physical safety takes? | priority |
What doe sthe holistic health model do? | attemps to create conditions that promote optimal health |
Clients are the ultimate experts on? | their own health and subjective experience |
In the holistic health model clients are? | involved in their healing process |
Nurses using the holistic nursing model recognizes the natural? | healing abilities of the body and incorporate complementary and alternative interventions |
Internal and external variables influence? | how a person think and acts |
What are internal variables? | developmental stage, intellectual backgroud, perception of functioning, and emotional factors |
What does the study of development include? | finding patterns or general principles that apply to most people most of the time |
How are a person's beliefs about health shaped? | by person's knowledge, lack of knowledge, or incorrect information about body functions and illnesses, educational background, and past experiences |
What does perception of functioning include? | level of fatigue, shortness of breath, pain |
The way a person handles stress will effect? | health beliefs and practices |
What is one way a person expresses their spiritual factors? | religous practices |
What are external variables that affect a persons health? | family practices, socioeconomic factors and clutural background |
What are psychosocial variables? | stability of the person's marital or intimate relationship, lifestyle habits, and occupational environment |
Desire for approval and support effects? | health beliefs and practices |
economic factors may affect a pt's level? | of health by increasing the risk for disease and influencing how or at what point the pt the client enters the health care system |
What is another economic factor? | money, food and shelter is more important than meds |
What does cultural background influence? | beleifs, values and customs, belief about cause of illness, as well as ways to restore health |
What are health promotion activities? | routine excercise and good nutrition |
What does wellness education do? | teaches people how to care for themselves in a healthy way and includes topics such as physical awareness, stress management, and self responsibility |
What are illness prevention activities? | immunization programs |
What are the leading health indicators? | physical activity, overweight, tobacco, substance abuse, reponsible sexual behavior, mental health, injury and violence, envirnmental quality, immuniztation, and access to health care |
health can be influenced by? | individual practices, stressors |
Total health programs are directed at ? | individuals' changing their lifestyle by developing habits that improve their level of health |
Other programs are aimed at? | specific health care problems |
What are passive stratagies of health promotion? | individuals gain from the activities of others without acting themselves |
What are active stratagies of health promotion? | where they are motivated to adopt specific health programs |
What is health promotion? | science and art of helping people change their lifestyle to move toward a state of optimal health |
What is primary prevention? | true prevention, it precedes disease or dysfunction and is applied to client considered physically and emotionally healthy |
What does primary prevention include? | education programs, immunizations, and physical and nutritional fitness activities |
What does primary prevention include ? | all promotion efforts, as well as wellness education activites that focus on maintaining or proving the general health of individuals, families, and communities. |
What does secondary prevention focus on? | individuals who are experienceing health problems or illnesses and who are at risk for developing complications or worsening conditions |
What are secondary preventions activites directed to? | diagnosis and prompt intervention, thereby reducing severity and enabling the client to return to a normal level of health as early as possible |
What does secondary prevention include? | screening techniques and treating early stages of disease to limit disability by averting or delaying the consequences of advanced disease |
When does tertiary prevention occur? | when a defect or disability is permanent and irreversable |
What does tertiary prevention involve? | minimizing the effects of long term disease or disability by interventions directed at preventing complication and deterioration |
Tertiary prevention aims to? | help clients to acheive as high level of functioning as possible |
What is tertiary prevention also called? | preventive care |
What is a risk factor? | any situation, habit, social, or environmental condition, physiological or psychological condition, developmental or intellectual condition, or spiritual or other variable that increases the vulnerability of an individual or group 2 an illness or accident |
Risk factors increase? | the chances that the individual will experience a particular disease or dysfunction |
risk factors= | health hazards |
What are the catagories of risk factors? | genetic and physiological factors, age, environment, and lifestyle |
What do physiological risk factos involve? | physical functioning of the body |
What is heredity? | genetic prodisposition to specific illness |
Age increases or decreases? | susceptibility to certain illness |
Where we live and the condition of that area determine? | how we live, what we eat, the disease agents to which we are exposed, our state of health, and out ability to adapt |
Many activities, habits, and practices involve? | risk factors |
Stress is a lifestyle? | risk factor |
Stress also interfers with? | health promotion activities and the ability to implement needed lifestyle modification |
the goal of risk factor identification is to? | assist clients in visualizing those areas in their life that can be modified or even eliminated |
What is the first setop in health promotion? | identifying risk factors |
Attempts to change may be aimed at? | cessation of a health damaging behavior or adoption of a healthy behavior |
Change involves movement through? | a series of stages |
What are the stages of the transtheorectical model? | precontimplation, contemplation, action, and maintenance |
What is precontemplation? | no intention to change |
What is contemplation? | considering a change later |
What is preparation? | making small changes |
What is maintenance? | maintaining a changed behavior |
change programs are designed for? | those who are ready to take action regaurding their health problems |
Maintenance of healthy lifestyle can? | prevent hospitalizations and lower cost of health care |
What is illness? | state in which a person's physical, emotional, intellectual, social, developmental, or spritiual functioning is diminished comparted to previously |
What are the 2 types of illness? | acute and chronic |
What is an acute illnes? | short duration but severe |
What is a chronic illness? | it is usually longer than 6 months, and can also affect functioning in any dimension |
What is illness behavior? | how people monitor their bodies, define and interpret their symptoms, take remedial actions, and use the health care system |
illness is also affected by? | internal and external variables |
Internal variables influencing the way clients behave when they are ill? | perceptions of symptoms and the nature of the illness, a clien'ts coping skills |
If a pt thinks their illness is disruptive they will? | get care |
The nature of the illness also affects? | a client's illness behavior |
What are external variables influencing illness behavior? | visibility of symptoms, social group, cultual backgroud, economic variables, accessibility of the health care system, and social support |
Short term illnesses has only a few? | changes in the functioning of the client and family |
When there is a change in body image what stages does the client go through? | shock, withdrawl, acknowledgement, acceptance, and rehabilitation |
Withdrawl is? | an adaptive copingmechanism that assists the client in making an adjustment |
What is self concept? | a mental self image of strengths ad weakness in all aspects of personality |
With illness what is common with roles? | role reversal |
What is family dynamics? | the process by which the family functions, make decisions, gives support to individual members, and copes with everyday changes and challanges |