Question | Answer |
Gross Anatomy | The study of the macroscopic structures of an organism. |
Microscopic Anatomy | The study of the microscopic structures of an organism. |
Physiology | The study of the functions of an organism and its parts. |
Histology | The study of tissues. |
Organ | A group of tissues specialized for a particular function. |
Tissues | Groups of cells specialized for a particular function. |
Homeostasis | A state of equilibrium in the body with respect to its functions, chemical levels, and tissues. |
Effector | A structure in the body that can change the value of a variable. |
Selective Permeability | The ability to let certain materials in or out while restricting others. |
Endocytosis | The process by which large molecules are taken into the cell. |
Exocytosis | Transportation of material from inside the cell to outside the cell. |
Plasma Membrane | Holds the cell together and controls the exit and entry of substances (selective permeability). |
Nucleus | Contains the DNA, known as the “control center” of the cell. |
Cytoplasm | Holds chemicals that the cells needs to preform certain tasks. |
Ribosomes | Synthesize proteins in the cell. |
Endoplasmic Reticulum (smooth and rough) | Used for the transportation of intracellular material and the production of lipids and carbohydrates. If there are ribosomes attached (rough) it can also be used in protein synthesis. |
Golgi Apparatus | Package chemicals for secretion. Packages made by this organelle are called secretory vesicles. |
Lysosome | Breaks down things such as lipids, proteins, polysaccharides, and nucleic acids. This organelle contains enzymes for these break downs that could easily destroy the cell if released. |
Mitochondria | “Powerhouse” of the cell. This is where energy is packaged for storage as ATP. It also contains some DNA that can be used for the production of protein. |
Centrioles | They are rope-like strands of protein which affect the shape of the cell. They are extremely important in the process of cellular reproduction. They create the shape which allows for mitosis and meiosis. |
Cilia | Are small hairs on the exterior of the cell which can move substances such as mucus. |