Question | Answer |
heart | cardi/o coron/o |
top chamber | atrium atri/o |
lower chamber | ventricle ventricul/o |
dividing wall | septum sept/o |
tip or point | apex apic/o |
four valves of the heart | RA into tricuspid valve, RV into pulmonary valve, LA into mitral valve, LV into aortic valve |
right side of heart | blue blood, right atrium thru tricuspid valve into right ventricle, to lungs thru pulmonary valve. |
left side of heart | red blood - lungs back into heart, left atrium thru mitral valve, to body thru aortic valve |
interventricular septum | muscle between two sides of heart |
myocardium | muscular layer of the heart |
pericardium | outermost layer surrounds the heart - membrane |
endocardium | innermost layer of cells that line the atria, ventricles, and heart valves |
mediastinum | heart, lungs, great vessels, thymus, trachea and esophagus |
arteries | arteri/o elastic, pulse blood away from heart, 'red' |
veins | ven/o valves, blood back to heart, 'blue' |
foramen ovale | small opening in septum between atria (in vitro) allowing oxygenated blood to pass thru and directly out |
ductus arteriosus | connecting blood vessel between pulmonary trunk and aorta (in vitro) |
SA node "pacemaker" | (sinoatrial)initiates electrical impulse that begins heartbeat causes both artia to contract simultaneously |
AV node | (atrioventricular) between SA node, and bundles of His, near interatrial septum |
bundle of His | part of conduction in the interatrial septum |
purkinje fibers | the end of the nerve networks |
sistole | the contraction of the heart |
diastole | rest period between contractions |
ACS | acute coronary syndrome |
ischemia | isch/o- keep back, -emia condition of blood /lack of blood flow |
angina pectoris | mild to severe chest pain / ischemia of myocardium |
cardiomegaly | enlarged heart |
cardiomyopathy | disease of heart muscle |
CHF | congestive heart failure, ventricles fail due to working too hard |
MI | myocardial infarction, death of myocardial cells due to severe ischemia |
endocarditis | inflammation and bacterial infection of the endocardium lining a heart valve |
murmur | abnormal heart sounds/ blood leaks thru defective heart valve |
pericarditis | inflammation of pericardial sac |
cardiac tamponade | pericarditis fluid compresses heart and prevents it from beating |
arrhythmia | any type of irregularity in heart rhythm (also dysrhythmia) |
bradycardia | heart beats too slowly |
fibrillation | very fast uncoordinated quivering of the myocardium |
flutter | very fast but regular rhythm not completely full of blood for beating |
heart block first degree | electrical impulses reach ventricles but are very delayed |
heart block second degree | only some electrical impulses reach ventricles |
heart block third degree | no electrical impulses reach ventricles - pacemaker necessary |
PVC | premature ventricular contractions |
asystole | complete lack of heartbeat - cardiac arrest |
aneurysm | weakness and dilation in the wall of an artery |
arteriosclerosis | narrow hardened artery |
atherosclerosis | ather/o soft fatty substance, scler/o hard, -osis condition, process (blocked by fat) |
HTN | hypertension - elevated blood pressure |
bruit | harsh rushing sound/ blood passing thru artery w/ atherosclerosis |
phlebitis | inflammation of vein us. accompanied by infection |
thrombo/phleb/itis | blood clot/vein/inflammation, phlebitis w/ formation of thrombus (blood clot) |
defibrillation | to shock the heart in regular rhythm, to stop fibrillation |
vital signs:(5) | pulse, temperature, respiration, blood pressure, and oxygen saturation |
CABG | coronary artery bypass graft using anastomosis |
carotid endarterectomy | endo- innermost, arter/o artery, -ectomy surgical excision; remove plaque from occluded carotid artery |
pacemaker | automated device to control heart rate and rhythm |
balloon angiography | balloon inserted via catheter and inflated to compress plaque angi/o blood vessel, graphy process, proceedure |