Question | Answer |
Disease type for Acute Blood Loss | rapid blood loss; 20% or more |
Disease type for Chronic Blood Loss | slow blood loss over time; overall blood vol. not effected |
Cause of Acute Blood Loss | severe hemorrhage |
blood smear for acute blood loss | normochromic, normocytic for 24 hours then marked anemia |
cause of chronic blood loss | iron deficiency anemia (depleted iron stores) |
lab findings of chronic blood loss | retic. count normal or slightly elevated; WBCs normal or slightly decreased; platelets normal or decreased in iron deficiency |
type of disease for aplastic anemia | pancytopenia - reduced growth and production of all blood lines |
nature of aplastic anemia | stem cells not present to produce RBCs, WBCs, and megakaryocytes |
lab findings for aplastic anemia | granulocytes < .5 *10 9/L; platelets < 20 *10 9/L; retic. < 1% |
define an Anemia | condition characterized by: packed red cell vol (Hct) below the lower limit of the 95% reference rangy for their age, gender and geographical location. |
causes of anemia | blood loss; impaired RBC production; accelerated RBC destruction |
clinical signs/symptoms of anemia | easily fatigued; dyspnea(heavy breathing) upon exertion; pallor(pale); low blood pressure; slight fever; some edema |
lab assessment of anemia | RBC count; Hct; Hgb; RBC indices |
classifications of anemia | RBC morphology (size, shape); physiology (RBC function); probable etiology-pathophysiology(cause); accelerated RBC destruction; blood loss; impaired RBC production; acute or chronic |
quantitative measures for anemia | Hgb, Hct, RBC counts decreased; RBC indices; RBC histogram; Red cell distribution width (RDW) |
additional tests for anemia | bone marrow exam; acid hemolysis; autohemolysis; fetal Hgb concentration; osmotic fragility; platelet count; retic count; sickle cell; Hgb electrophoresis; antibody; chemistry |
pancytopenia | bone marrow failure |