Question | Answer |
vibrations are | very small and rapid |
Oscillations are | Large and slower |
repeats at a constant rate and passes the same point over and over | periodic motion |
periodic motion alternates between these | Potential energy and kinetic energy |
Resting position on a pendulum | when the rod or arm hangs straight down |
the farthest position away from RESTING postion | Amplitude |
The time it takes to complete one cycle of a system | Period |
What the period is measured in | seconds |
The rate at which cycles repeat | frequency |
Unit for frequency | Hz (1/s) |
mathmatical relationship between frequency (f) and period (T) | f= 1/T |
the pull that wants to restore the string to resting position | restoring force |
The farther away from rest the ________ the restoring force. | larger |
The greater the mass the ________________ the periodic motion. | slower |
The effect of friction on periodic motion - making the amplitude SMALLER | damping |
The opposite of damping | resonance |
These have a mass attached to an arm at a pivot point that swings under the influence of gravity. | pendulums |
Changes the period of a pendulum | arm length or gravity |
periodic changes that transfer energy | waves |
mechanical waves require a | medium |
Electromagnetic waves travel through a | Vacuum |
Wave crest | top of the wave or the compression of a wave |
Wave trough | bottom of the wave or the rarefaction of a wave |
measured from crest to crest or trough to trough | wave length |
Amplitude is __________ the wave height | half |
megahertz means | million hertz |
gigahertz means | billion hertz |
Mechanical or sound wave speed depends on | the MEDIUM |
Surface waves depend on the | depth of the water compared to the wavelength |
Waves in _____________water move faster | deeper |
a single wave cycle or a very short burst of waves | pulse |
Rate of waves is porportional to amplitude. If amplitude doubles the rate | quadruples. |
______________waves are at right angles to the direction of the waves | transverse waves |
________________ waves are parallel to the direction of movement. | longitudinal |
Sound waves are longitudinal. True or False | true |
EM waves are longitudinal waves. True or false. | False. |
The angle of incidence equals the | angle of reflection. |
When a wave moves from one medium to another, its _______ changes. | Speed |
When a wave's speed changes as it moves from one medium to another is called | refraction |
Refraction is an example of how a wave __________ froms it original path | bends |
Bending does not occur if a wave enters the new medium _____________ to the boundary | perpendicular |
The frequency of a wave does not change because the frequency is determined by the | source |
When two waves come together from opposite directions and the amplitudes add together | constructive interfernece |
When two waves come together from opposite directions and the amplitudes cancel each other out. | destructive interference |
When 2 traveling waves with exactly the SAME wavelength and frequency move through each other in opposite directions a __ is formed. | standing wave |
standing waves appear | stationary |
____ are points in a standing wave that experience no vertical displacement | nodes |
This explains how our perception of the sound can change depending on if we are getting closer or farther from the source. | Doppler Effect |
This is the Doppler effect as applied to light waves. | Red Shift |
He proved sound needed a medium. | Robert Boyle |
He showed electric and magnetic fields interact in a wavelike fashion. | James Clerk Maxwell |
The __ the medium the quicker the sound waves travel. | stiffer |
EM waves ___ when traveling through matter | slow |
This is related to frequency. | pitch |
This is related to amplitude | loudness |
The Threshold of Hearing | TOH |
Longest Em waves | radio |
Shortest EM waves | GAMMA |
Gamma rays can travel through | humans, steel, concrete |
Most destructive form of EM radiation | Gamma rays |