Term | Definition |
diaphysis | shaft part of the long bone |
medullary cavity | hollow tube running down the middle of the diaphysis, filled with yellow marrow and is used for shock absorption |
periosteum | thin membrane covering the diaphysis where the tendons and ligaments attach |
epiphyses | ends of the long bones, made of spongey bone which is filled with red bone marrow |
articular cartilage | covering the epiphyses, a smooth surface that assist in joint function |
metaphysis | the growth plate, between the diaphysis and the epiphysis |
bone matrix consist of: | calcium phosphate
92/3 of the weight) and calcium hydroxide and collagen fibers |
lamellae | layer of bone matrix |
osteocytes | bone cells, live in a pocket called lacuna, maintain and monitor the protein and mineral content of the matrix and can assist in the repair of bone |
osteoblasts | "bone builder" produce bone matrix, process called osteogenesis |
Osteoprogenitor cells | stem cells which divide to maintain the population of osteoblasts--important in healing fractures |
Osteoclasts | "bone destroyers" descendants of monocytes (white blood cells) remove bone matrix by dissolving with acids and enzymes this reabsorption process is called OSTEOLYSIS |
ossification | bone formation |
calcification | depositing of calcium in body tissues |
endochondral ossification | formation of long bones |
intramembranous ossification | formation of flat bones (skull & mandible) |
bone remodeling | constant breaking down and re-making of bones to ensure strength and durability |