Question | Answer |
A | A antigen, anti-B antibody |
B | B antigen, anti-A antibody |
O | no antigen, anti-A and anti-B antibody |
AB | A and B antigen, no antibodies |
somatic cells are diploid or haploid | diploid |
the most common blood group antigens are of what chemical composition | glycoproteins/lipids |
Name the 2 immunoglobulin classes that comprise most blood group antibodies | IgM and IgG |
Expose you and determine your blood type | histoantigens |
No H antigen (hh genotype) | bombay |
type 1 linkage | beta 1-3 linkage; secretions, H substance |
Type 2 linkage | beta 1-4 linkage; RBC antigens |
H+H = | O |
H+A= | A |
H+B | B |
H+A+B= | AB |
what term is defined as the basic unit of inheritance | gene |
Genetic makeup of a trait | genotype |
physical expression of a trait | phenotype |
Why is the ABO blood group the most clinically significant | acute hemolytic transfusion reactions |
Universal blood donor | O |
Universal blood receiver | AB |
Universal plasma donor | AB |
Universal plasma recipient | O |
Looking for antibody? | React with patient cells |
Looking for antigen? | React with anti-serum |
Forward typing determines.... | antigen |
Reverse typing determines.. | antibodies |
What does LISS do? | enhancement tool, negates negative charge on RBCs so they can stack together |
Which FUT gene goes with H antigen enzyme | FUT1 |
Which FUT gene goes with secretor enzyme | FUT2 |
Which FUT gene goes with lewis enzyme | FUT3 |
80% of the population has this gene | secretor gene |
bind better and bind complement | IgM |
Larger | IgM |
Room temperature or less (won't cause physical harm during cross over because it won't react) | IgM |
Direct agglutination | IgM |
Smaller | IgG |
Can cross the placenta and cause hemolytic disease of the newborn | IgG |
Indirect agglutination | IgG |
Worse for cross-over | IgG |
Genes make antigens in what two ways? | Directly and enzymatically |
what is the most common blood group in caucasian americans | O+ |
what is the least common blood group in general | AB- |
what is the bombay genotype | hh |
why can bombay people only receive bombay blood? | they have anti-h group and all other groups have H antigen |
what enzyme codes the A gene; sugar transferred | nacetylgalactosaminyltransferase; nacetylgalactosamine |
what enzyme codes the B gene; sugar transferred | galactosyltransferase; galactose |
what enzyme codes the H gene; sugar transferred | |
what does DAT stand for? | direct antibody testing |
what does IAT stand for? | indirect antibody testing |
where is the antibody located when you're testing DAT? | cells |
where is the antibody located when testing IAT? | plasma |
What does DAT also go by? | Direct coombs test |
what does IAT also go by? | antibody screen |
antibody to lewis | Le a- b- ; IgM |
Additive to extend storage life of RBC's and whole blood | CPDA-1 |
how do platelets need to be stored | @ room temperature in an agitator (keeps them mixed so they don't stick together and the pH stable) |
is the lewis system technically a blood group? | no, antigen isn't manufactured by RBCs. Done by tissues and dumped into the plasma where RBC's adsorb it |
two FUT genes = two fucose = | Leb |
parabombay has ABH antigens in what but not in what? | secretions, RBCs |
bombay phenotype has no ABH antigens | in secretions or on cells |
what is AHG | Anti-human globulin |
what genetic theory is the most recent and accepted as correct? | tippett |
Anti-D gives you problems with... | future transfusions and pregnancies |
Which genetic theory has no little d and has antithetical alleles (you get one or the other) | Fisher-Race |
Numbers assigned to letters and their assigned positive or negative | Rosenfield terminology |
What causes 1. increased osmotic fragility 2. mild hemolytic anemia 3. stomatocytes | Rh null |
what is the volume of a typical unit of whole blood | 450 ml +- 45 ml |
4 components of whole blood donation | RBCs, AHF, fresh frozen plasma, platelets |
what is the purpose of citrate? | anticoagulant |
what is the purpose of phosphate? | buffers solution |
what is the purpose of dextrose | energy |
what is the purpose of adenine | increases survival (preservative) |
3 important elements for platelet storage | temperature (rm. temp), gentle agitation, storage duration (5 days) |
what is the gene product for the se gene | alpha 1,2 fucoslytransferase |