Question | Answer |
Addison’s | Autoimmune (infection is the 2nd most common cause) |
Aneurysm, dissecting | Hypertension |
Aortic aneurysm, abdominal and descending aorta | Atherosclerosis |
Aortic aneurysm, ascending | 3° syphilis |
Bacterial meningitis (adults) | Streptococcus pneumoniae |
Bacterial meningitis (elderly) | S. pneumoniae |
Bacterial meningitis (kids) | S. pneumoniae or Neisseria meningitidis |
Bacterial meningitis (newborns) | Group B streptococcus |
Cancer associated with AIDS | Kaposi’s sarcoma |
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia | 21-hydroxylase deficiency |
Cretinism | Iodine deficit/hypothyroidism |
Cushing’s syndrome | Corticosteroid therapy (2nd most common cause is excess ACTH secretion by pituitary) |
Death in CML | Blast crisis |
Death in SLE | Lupus nephropathy |
Dementia | Alzheimer’s (2nd most common is multi-infarct) |
DIC | Gram-negative sepsis, obstetric complications, cancer, burn trauma |
Ejection click | Aortic/pulmonic stenosis |
Food poisoning | S. aureus |
Glomerulonephritis (adults) | IgA nephropathy (Berger’s disease) |
Hematoma––epidural | Rupture of middle meningeal artery (arterial bleeding is fast) |
Hematoma––subdural | Rupture of bridging veins (trauma; venous bleeding is slow) |
Hemochromatosis | Multiple blood transfusions (can result in CHF and ↑ risk of hepatocellular carcinoma) |
Hepatic cirrhosis | EtOH |
Hepatocellular carcinoma | Cirrhotic liver (often associated with hepatitis B and C) |
Holosystolic murmur | VSD, tricuspid regurgitation, mitral regurgitation |
Hypertension, 2° | Renal disease |
Hypoparathyroidism | Thyroidectomy |
Hypopituitarism | Adenoma |
Infection in blood transfusion | Hepatitis C |
Infection in burn victims | Pseudomonas |
Leukemia (adults) | AML |
Machine-like murmur | PDA |
Mental retardation | Down syndrome (fragile X is the 2nd most common cause) |
MI | Atherosclerosis |
Mitral valve stenosis | Rheumatic heart disease |
Myocarditis | Coxsackie B |
Nephrotic syndrome (adults) | Membranous glomerulonephritis |
Nephrotic syndrome (kids) | Minimal change disease (associated with infections/vaccinations; treat with corticosteroids) |
Opening snap | Mitral stenosis |
Osteomyelitis | S. aureus |
Osteomyelitis in patients with sickle cell disease | Salmonella |
Osteomyelitis with IVDA | Pseudomonas |
Pancreatitis (acute) | EtOH and gallstones |
Pancreatitis (chronic) | EtOH (adults), cystic fibrosis (kids) |
Peau d’orange | Carcinoma of the breast |
PID | Neisseria gonorrhoeae (monoarticular arthritis) |
Pneumonia in cystic fibrosis, burn infection | Pseudomonas aeruginosa |
Pneumonia, hospital-acquired | Klebsiella |
Preventable blindness | Chlamydia |
Primary amenorrhea | Turner’s (XO) |
Primary hyperaldosteronism | Adenoma of adrenal cortex |
Primary hyperparathyroidism | Adenoma |
Pulmonary hypertension | COPD |
Right heart failure due to a pulmonary cause | Cor pulmonale |
Right-sided heart failure | Left-sided heart failure |
Sheehan’s syndrome | Postpartum pituitary infarction 2° to hemorrhage |
SIADH | Small cell carcinoma of the lung |
UTI | E. coli |
UTI (young women) | E. coli and Staphylococcus saprophyticus |