Question | Answer |
Indications for Paracetamol? | For mild pain relief in combination with ibuprofen and in addition for other measures for moderate or severe pain
For fever greater than 39c and fever is associated with discomfort. |
Contraindications of Paracetamol? | Current paracetamol poisoning
Withhold if had paracetamol in the last 4 hours |
What dosage of Paracetamol would you give? | 1.5 grams orally if the patients weight is greater than 80 kgs
1 gram orally if the patients weight is less than 80 kgs
See paediatric drug table for children. |
What would you give for a patient with mild pain (3/10)? | Paracetamol and Ibuprofen |
Indications for Entonox? | For moderate and in addition for other measures for severe pain |
Indications for Methoxyflurane? | For moderate pain and in addition for other measures for severe pain |
Indications for Tramadol? | For moderate pain and in addition for other measures for severe pain |
Indications for Ibuprofen? | For mild pain relief in combination with paracetamol and in addition for other measures for moderate or severe pain |
What dosage of tramadol would you give? | 50 mg orally for adults and children aged 12 years and over. |
What dosage of entonox would you give? | Inhaled, taken as patient requires. |
What dosage of methoxyflurane would you give? | Aged 12 years and over: maximum of two doses 6 mls (3 mls each dose)
Aged 12 years and under: maximum of one dose 3 mls |
What are the indications for a C collar? | Mechanism of Injury
Tenderness at the posterior midline of the cervical spine
Focal Neurological deficit
A decreased level of alertness
Evidence of Intoxication
Distraction injury or clinically apparent pain |
What are different types of TBI | Minor and Severe |
How do you differentiate between a minor or severe TBI | Minor: Mechanism of injury that is consistent with TBI and able to obey commands
Severe: Mechanism of injury that is consistent with TBI and is unable to obey commands |
What is our goal with treating TBI? | To recognise severe TBI
Minimise or prevent the causes of secondary injury:
-Hypoxia
-Hyperventilation
-Hypoventilation
-Hypotension
Treat life threatening injuries |
What are the three stages of shock? | Compensated
Decompensated
Irreversible |
What is shock? | Shock is the global reduction in blood flow to the tissue and organs of the body. |
Signs and symptoms of shock? | Tachycardia
Cold and clammy skin
Prolonged cap refill
Tachypnoea
Narrowing pulse pressure
Hypotension
Altered LOC |
What are the different types of shock? | Hypovolaemic shock
Anaphylactic shock
Septic Shock
Spinal shock
Hypo adrenal shock
Obstructive shock
Cardiogenic Shock |
Explain Hypovolaemic shock | Caused by lack of intra-vascular volume.
This can be from blood or other fluid (d&vs) |
Explain Anaphylactic shock | |
Explain Septic Shock | |
Explain Cardiogenic Shock | |
Explain Obstructive shock | |
Explain Hypo adrenal shock | |
Explain Spinal shock | |
Treatment plan for asthma (status 3) | |
Diffentials for shortness of breath | |
Explain Asthma | |
Explain COPD | |
Indications for PEEP? | |
What does PEEP stand for? | Positive End Expiratory Pressure |
Why is PEEP set to 5 in TBI? | PEEP increases intracranial pressure in TBI patients by reducing venous return from the brain. |
Explain PEEP | PEEP increases the resistance to exhalation and increases inter-thoracic pressure. It helps expand collapsed alveoli, improving oxygenation and ventilation.
splints medium sized airways open during exhalation, improving ventilation |
What is the action of paracetamol? | Paracetamol inhibits the production of a number of prostaglandins
it possesses analgesic and antipyretic effects.. |
What is the action of Ibuprofen? | |
What is the action of Tramadol? | |
What is the action of Entonox? | |
What is the action of Methoxyflurane? | |
What is the action of GTN? | Vasodilator. dilates veins. causes Venous dilation and peripheral pooling. Reducing preload, after load, O2 demand and pain |
What is the action of Aspirin? | |
What is the action of salbutamol? | |
What is the action of ipratropiun? | |
What si the action of prednisone? | |
What is the action of adrenaline? | |
What is the action of glycagon? | |
What si the action of Loratadine? | |
What is the action of Ondansetron? | |
Indications for use of GTN? | Myocardial Ischaemia
Cardiogenic pulmonary oedema |
Contraindications for GTN? | Systolic BP lower than 100mmHg
Heart rate lower than 40 bpm
Hear rate higher than 130 bpm |
Precautions for GTN? | Small, frail, physiologically unstable
poor perfusion
Has dysrhythmia
taken drugs for erectile dysfunction in the last 24 hours
Inferior STEMI
Has known Aortic stenosis |
Dosage for GTN? | 0.4-0.8 kgs sublingually
Repeat every 2-5 minutes |
What are the causes of unconsciousness? | A: Alcohol
E: Epilepsy
I: Insulin
O: Overdose
U: Under dose
T: Trauma
I: Infection
P: Posions
S: Stroke/seizure/sepsis |
What are some differentioals for chest pain? | |
What are the universal contraindications for medicine? | Life threatening allergy
Pregnancy |
Paediatric drug dosage calculation | 1-10 years: 2x(age in years +4)
11- 14 years: 3 x age in years |
What can a low temperature be a sign of? | Infection in eldery
Low cardiac output |
What is Angina? | |
What is unstable angina? | |
What is an MI? | |
What are the differences between asthma and CORD? | Asthma patients are symptom free between attacks
CORD patients are usually not symptom free between attacks and have a history of smoking |
What is the side effects of GTN? | Headache
Hypotension
Flushing
Tachycardia
Light headesness |
Indications for aspirin? | |