Question | Answer |
Tectonics | The study of the formation of the features in earth's crust. |
The earth's crust consist of two types, which are? | 1.Oceanin Crust2.Continental Crust |
The earth has two layers, which are? | 1.Lithosphere2.Asthnosphere |
Lithosphere | Is made up of the oceanic crust, continental crust, and the rigid upper mantle. |
Lithospheric Plates | Are broken up into several individual plates, these plates ride on top of the denser asthenosphere through the process of convection. |
Asthenosphere | A layer of solid rock that flows like putty due to the extreme pressure. |
Due to the movement of plates there are three types of movements. Name them. | 1.Divergent Boundaries2.Convergent Boundaries3.Transform Boundaries |
Divergent Boundaries | When two plates move away from each other. They form a rift valley.Example: Mid Atlantic Ridge. |
Convergent Boundaries | When two plates collide. |
Transform Boundaries | When two plates grind past each other. Example: San Andrea Fault in California |
Earthquakes | A shaking of the earth's crust due to a release of energy. |
Elastic Rebound Theory | As pressure builds up betwen two plates that are locked the plates will fracture at their weakest point, and spring back or rebound to their original position. |
Fault | An area where breaks in the earth's crust are moving in different directions. |
Major Eathquake Zones | 1.Pacific Ring Of Fire2.Mid Ocean Ridges3.Euasian Melanesian Mountain Belt |
Siesmic Waves | 1.Primary Waves (P)2.Secondary Waves (S)3.Surface Waves (L) |
Primary Waves (P) | Compressional waves, travel through solids, liguids, gas. |
Secondary Waves (S) | Displace rock particles perpendicular to the path of the wave, travel through solids. |
Surface Waves (L) | Travel over the surface of the earth. Move like ripples in a pound. |
Earthquakes have two point locations. | 1.Focus2.Epicenter |
The focus and epicenter of the earthquake are located by... | Trilateration |
Volcanoes | Any place on the planet where some material from the inside of the planet makes it way to the surface. |
Magma | Fluid, molten rock. |
Where do must volcanoes occur? | Island Arcs near Subduction zones. |
Lava | When magma reaches the sufrace. |
Two types of rocks formed from lava. | 1.Felsic2.Maific |
Felsic Rocks | Are formed from magma that is re-meltded continental crust. They are rich in feldspar and quartz. Red, brown or gray in color. |
Maric Rocks | Are formed from macific magma which is directly from the mantle. Appear black in color. |
Two types of lava rocks | 1.Aa2.Pahoehoe |
Aa Lava Rocks | Form from thicker, slower moving lava. |
Pahoehoe Lava Rocks | Forms smooth shapes, looking like rope or toothpaste. |
Types of Volcanoes | 1.Shield Volcanoes2.Stratovolcano3.Cinder Cone |
Shield Volcaneos | Broad and rounded, made from stacks of runny basaltic lava. |
Statovolcano | Steep sided volcano made of alternating layers of cinders and lava. |
Tephra | A term used to descrive any material produced in an explosive volcanic eruption. |