Question | Answer |
esophageal cancer occurs in men at a rate __ times higher than women | 3 |
esophageal cancer occurs in african americans at a rate __ times higher than whites | 3 |
highest rates of esophageal cancer in the world are in __ | northern China and Japan |
__ are the most common type of esophageal cancer | squamous cell tumors |
columnar mucosa with intestinal metaplasia (pre-malignant lesion) | Barrett's esophagus |
develops into adenocarcinoma | Barrett's esophagus |
most common presenting symptoms of esophageal cancer are __ | dysphagia and weight loss |
biggest presenting symptom of esophageal cancer, due to obstructing tumor | dysphagia |
hoarsness indicates involvement of the __ | recurrent laryngeal nerve |
mean survival period for patients with non-resectable esophageal cancer __ months | 9 |
palliative treatment for esophageal cancer | gastrostomy feeding tube, laser ablation or photodynamic therapy, stent placement |
squamous cell carcinomas are more of a __ lesion | central |
adenocarcinoma usually associated with more __ lesions | peripheral |
if you see a 2cm peripheraly located lesion on a chest x-ray it is a __ until proven otherwise | adenocarcinoma |
calcified lesions are usually a sign of __ | prior infection |
non-calcified lesions are usually a sign of __ | malignancy |
PET scan is a __ study, and is helpful in making diagnosis of lung cancer | metabolic |