Question | Answer |
Facilitated diffusion | movement of materials across the plasma membrane in the direction of the concentration gradient from higher to lower consentration |
6 risk factors for cancer= heredity,chemicals,ionizing radiation,physical irriatation,diet,viruses | heredity,chemicals,ionizing radiation,physical irriatation,diet,viruses |
2 manufactured solutions of isotonic body fluids=0.9% salt(normal saline), 5% dextrose (glucose) | 0.9% salt(normal saline), 5% dextrose (glucose) |
what 2 things does active transport require=enery and proteins in the cell membrain that act as transporters | enery and proteins in the cell membrain that act as transporters |
phagocytosis | large particles are moved into the cell |
pinocytosis=engulf droplets of fluid | engulfs droplets of fluid |
cellia= | small hair like projections that wave and create movement of fluids around the cells |
flagella | long whiplike projection from the cell that propells the cell, found only in sperm cells |
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units that the nucleotide is composed of | sugar,phosphate,nitrogen |
interphase | stage in the life of a cell between one mitosis and the next when a cell is not deviding |
how is permeability of the plasma membrane best described | selectiviely permeable |
2 organelles involved in sorting and secreting proteins | golgi apparatus,rough er |
mutation | change in agen or chromosome |
cancer | altered cells that do not die naturally or get destroyed by the immune system |
diffusion | the constant movement of particles from a region of relatively higher concentration to one of lower concentration |
DNA | make up the chromosomes divided into genes that carry the nucleotide for the manufacture of proteins |
hypertonic | cell will loose water, shrink, cell undergoes crenation |
hypotonic | cell takes in water, swells and may burst, cell undergoes hemolysis |
function of a cytoplasm | fills the cell from the nuclear membrane to the plasma membrane |
function of carbohydrates in the plasma membrane | they help reconize eachother and stick togather |
prophase | DNA condenses into visible chromosomes |
metaphase | chromosomes are aligned in the middle of the cell |
anaphase | chromosomes are being pulled apart |
telophase | a membrane appears around each group of seperated chromosomes, forming 2 new nuclei |
messenger RNA | is built on a strand of DNA in the nucleous and transcribes the nucleotide code.move the cytoplasm and attaches to the ribosome |
ribosomal RNA | with protein make up the ribosome.involved in the translating the genetic message into a protein |
transfer RNA | works with other forms of RNA to translate the genetic code into protein.Each molecule of RNA carries a amino acid that can be used to build a protein at the ribosome |
channels | porses in the membrane that allow specific substances to eneter or leave |
transporters | shuttle substances from one side of a membrane to another |
receptors | points of attachment for materials coming to the cellin blood or tissue fluid |
enzymes | partcipate in reactions occuring at the plasma membrain |
linkers | give structure to the membrane and help attach cells to other cells |
cell identity markers | proteins unique to individual cells |
function of a plasma membrain and what its composed of | plasma membrane encloses the cell contents and partcipate in cellular activities such as growth,reproduction,interaction between cells and regulate what can enter or leave. composed of phospholipids and cholesterol |
nucleus | control center,contains chromosomes that direct all cellular activity |
nucleolus | assembles ribosomes |
endoplasmic reticulum(ER)rough | rough er sorts proteins and forms them into more complex compounds |
smoothe er | is involved with lipid synthesis |
mitochondria | convert energy from nutrients into ATP |
golgi apparatus | makes compounds containg proteins, sorts and prepares these compounds for transport to other parts of the cells or out of the cell |
lysosomes | digest substances with in cells |
centrioles | helps seperate the chromosomes during cell division |
peroxisomes | break down harmful substances |
what is a self contained tumor called | benign |
example of a self contained tumor | wart |
what is a tumor that grows and invade the body called | malignant |
3 examples of carcinoma | skin,lung,breast cancer |
2 examples of sarcoma | osteosarcoma(bone cancer),rhabdomyosarcoma,(tumorin skeletal muscle |
2 examples of leukemia/lymphoma | hodgkins lymphoma(cance of the lymph nodes), granulocytic Luekemia (cancer in the white blood cells) |
what characteristics of life does a cell show | organization,metabolism,responsiveness,homostasis,growth,reproduction |
3 types of microscopes | compound light micro,most common,magnifys up to 1000 times--Transmission electron-up to million times--scanning 100,000 times only surface, 3 demensional |
the main substance of a plasma membrane | bilayer of phospholipids |
3 types of material found in the plasma membrane | cholesterol,proteins,carbohydrates |
building blocks for nucleic acids | nucleotides |