Term | Definition |
Chemistry | The study of the properties of matter and how matter changes |
Matter | Anything that has mass and takes up space |
Mass | The amount of matter in an object |
Volume | The amount of space that matter occupies |
Solid | A state of matter that has a definite shape and definite volume |
Liquid | A state of matter that has an indefinite shape and a definite volume |
Gas | A state of matter that has an indefinite shape and an indefinite volume |
Indefinite | Does not remain the same value at all times
(Ex: The volume is indefinite means the volume is not the same at all times, it changes) |
Atom | The basic particle from which all elements are made |
Melting | A phase change from solid to liquid. Heat increases and molecular motion increases. |
Freezing | A phase change from liquid to solid. Heat decreases and molecular motion decreases. |
Evaporating (Boiling) | A phase change from liquid to gas. Heat increases and molecular motion increases. |
Condensing | A phase change from gas to liquid. Heat decreases and molecular motion decreases. |
Molecular Motion | The movement of the particles that make up matter. |
Definite | Does remain the same value at all times
(Ex: The volume is definite means the volume is the same at all times, it changes) |
Phase Change | A change between different states of matter. Example: Solid melting into a liquid. |
State of Matter (Phase of Matter) | A description for matter as a solid, liquid, or gas. |
Element | a pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by ordinary chemical means. |
An element is made up of... | only one type of atom |
Electron | a negatively charged particle that moves around the nucleus |
Atomic number | the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom. |
Proton | a positively charged particle located in the nucleus of an atom. |
Neutron | a particle with no charge located in the nucleus of an atom |
Periodic table | a chart that organizes the chemical elements based on their properties |
Nucleus | the positively charged, dense center of an atom that contains protons and neutrons. |
Mass number | the number of protons plus neutrons in the nucleus of an atom. |
Atom | the basic unit of matter. |
An atom is the smallest particle of an... | element that still has all the properties of the element. |
Atoms are made up of smaller particles called | protons, neutrons, and electrons |
The three types of elements on the periodic table | metals, non-metals, metalloids |
The periodic table is organized by | atomic number |
Group 1 of the periodic table | Alkali metals (very reactive) |
Group 2 of the periodic table | Alkaline earth metals |
Groups 3-12 of the periodic table | transition metals |
Group 18 of the periodic table | Noble gases |
Group 17 of the periodic table | Halogens (very reactive) |
Metals | solids at room temperature, malleable, ductile, hard, lustrous, conductors of heat and electricity. |
Malleable | Flexible/bendable |
Ductile | Can be drawn into thin wires |
Luster | Reflects light, looks shiny |
Conductor | allows the passing of heat and electricity |
Non-metals | Dull, brittle, insulators, gases at room temperature |
Dull | not lustrous |
brittle | breakable |
insulator | does not allow heat and electricity to pass through |
Metalloids | properties of both metals and non-metals, semi-conductors, solids at room temperature |
What is the one metal that is a liquid at room temperature? | Mercury, Hg |
What is the one non-metal that is a liquid at room temperature? | Bromine, Br |
Compound | A substance made of two or elements that are chemically bonded together |
How is a compound different from an element? | A compound is different from an element because a compound requires the chemical combination of two or more elements. When a compound is formed, it is difficult to break apart. When a compound is formed, it has different properties than both of its orig |
What is a chemical reaction? | A chemical reaction is the formation of new compounds. |
What are the five pieces of evidence of a chemical reaction? | 1. Production of an odor
2. Production of a gas
3. Formation of a precipitate
4. Temperature change
5. Color Change |
What is a precipitate? | A solid |
If a gas is produced in a chemical reaction, what will you see? | Bubbles, vapor, or steam |
Mixture | Two or more substances that are in the same space but are not chemically bonded. |
Homogeneous mixture | A mixture that looks uniform throughout |
Heterogeneous mixture | A mixture that does not look uniform throughout |
Uniform | To appear the same |
Non-uniform | To appear different |
Solubility | The ability of dissolving into a homogeneous mixture |
Soluble | Can dissolve |
Insoluble | Can't dissolve |
What is the range of the pH scale? | 0-14 |
What does pH measure? | how acidic or basic a solution is |
What is the range of acids on the pH scale? | Greater than zero but less than 7 |
What is the range of bases on the pH scale? | Greater than seven but less than 14 |
What is a neutral solution? | A solution with a pH of exactly 7 |
How do you neutralize a base? | Add an acid |
How do you neutralize an acid? | Add a base |
dilute | weak |
concetrated | strong |
physical change | any change that alters the appearance of a substance but DOES not change into a new substance |
chemical change | any change that produces one or more new substances |