Question | Answer |
Upper Trapezius Medial Attachment | External occipital protuberance (EOP)
Ligamentum nuchae |
Upper Trapezius Lateral Attachment | poster, lateral 1/3 of clavicle |
Middle Trapezius Medial Attachment | SP C7 & T1-T3
(aka SP C7-T3) |
Middle Trapezius Lateral Attachment | medial margin of acromion
superior lip (upper border) of scapular spine |
Lower Trapezius Medial Attachment | SP T4-T12 |
Lower Trapezius Lateral Attachment | base of scapular spine |
Trapezius Action(s) with the medial attachment (or trunk) fixed | middle fibers: adduction of scapula
upper fibers: stabilization, upward rotation, elevation
lower fibers: stabilization, upward rotation, depression |
Trapezius Action(s) with the lateral attachment (or scapula) fixed | unilaterally --> upper fibers:
- extension of the neck
- lateral flexion
- opposite side rotation
bilaterally --> upper fibers:
- extension of the neck |
Trapezius Nervous Innervation | cranial nerve XI (spinal accessory) |
Rhomboid Minor Medial Attachment | SP C7 & T1 |
Rhomboid Minor Lateral Attachment | medial border at base of spine of scapula |
Rhomboid Minor Action(s) | adduction
elevation
downward rotation |
Rhomboid Minor Nervous Innervation | dorsal scapular (C5) |
Rhomboid Major Medial Attachment | SP T2 - T5 |
Rhomboid Major Lateral Attachment | medial border of scapula between the spine and inferior angle |
Rhomboid Major Action(s) | adduction
elevation
downward rotation |
Rhomboid Major Nervous Innervation | dorsal scapular (C5) |
Levator Scapulae Medial Attachment | TP C1 - C4 |
Levator Scapulae Lateral Attachment | medial border of scapula between superior angle and root of spine |
Levator Scapulae Action(s) with the medial attachment (or trunk) fixed | elevation of the scapula |
Levator Scapulae Action(s) with the lateral attachment fixed | unilaterally:
- lateral flexion
- same side rotation
bilaterally:
- extension of cervical spine
- |
Serratus Anterior Medial Attachment | costal (anterior) surface of medial border of scapula |
Serratus Anterior Action(s) | abduction
upward rotation |
Serratus Anterior Innervation | long thoracic |
Pectoralis Minor Inferior Attachment | anterior surface ribs 3-5 |
Pectoralis Minor Superior Attachment | medial surface of coracoid process |
Pectoralis Minor Action(s) | anterior tilt
forced inspiration assistance |
Pectoralis Minor Innervation | pectoral (C8-T1) |
Trapezius Action(s) (Upper Muscle Fibers) | with the medial attachment (or trunk) fixed:
- upward rotation
- elevation
- stabilization
with the lateral attachment or scapula fixed:
- unilaterally: extension, lateral flexion, & opposite side rotation
-bilaterally: extension of the neck |
Trapezius Action(s) (Middle Muscle Fibers) | abduction of the scapula |
Trapezius Action(s) (Lower Muscle Fibers) | with the medial attachment (or trunk) fixed:
- upward rotation
- depression
- stabilization
with the lateral attachment or scapula fixed:
- none |
Muscles that perform elevation | rhomboids
trapezius
levator scapulae |
Muscles that perform depression | trapezius
pectoralis minor |
Muscles that perform adduction | rhomboids
trapezius
levator scapulae |
Muscles that perform abduction | serratus anterior
pectoralis minor |
Muscles that perform upward rotation | trapezius
serratus anterior |
Muscles that perform downward rotation | rhomboids (major & minor)
pectoralis minor
levator scapulae |