Term | Definition |
Chlorothiazide (Diuril)
Hydrochlorothiazide (HydroDIURIL)
Chlorthalidone (Thalitone) | ↓ Na+ Cl reabsorption, also lose K+.
Thiazide Diuretics. Patients are at risk for hypokalemia |
Furosemide (Lasix) | ↓ Na+ Cl reabsorption, high K+ loss also.
Much more potent than Thiazides. Works in the loop. Increase sodium loss. |
Bumetanide (Bumex) | Most potent in the loop. |
Amiloride (Midamor) | ↑ Na+ excretion, ↓ K+ secretion
Hyperkalemia |
Mannitol (Resectisol) | ↓ Na + H20 reabsorption osmotically |
Thiazides | HTN, mild CHF, edema. Causes hypokalemia, hyperuricemia, Hyperglycemia, hypercalcemia, hypomagnesemia. Fluid loss = hypotension. *↑ toxic reactions to digoxin and lithium. Take early in the morning. Eat bananas, anything with K. |
Loop diuretics | CHF, renal disease, HT crises
Cause marked hypokalemia, hyperuricemia, hyperglycemia, hypocalcemia, hypomagnesmia. *Ototoxicity occurs w/ethacrynic acid and furosemide (damages hair cells) - occurs esp. w/IV use and rapid infusion.K supplement! |
Potassium - sparing | Used in combination w/other diuretics (esp. thiazides) to treat HTN. Hyperkalemia! Sprinolactone - used for hyperaldosteronism; may cause endocrine imbalances. Triamterine/Amiloride- hyperkalemia is worse. may turn urine blue! mean get female traits. |
Osmotic Diuretics (mannitol) | Renal failure, ↑ drug excretion, ↓ ICP or IOP, ↓ nephrotox of cisplatin. Causes headache, NVD. Give only IV. May ↑ venous BP initially + could induce heart failure. |