Question | Answer |
how many bones are in the body | 206 |
bone is comprised of | osseous tissue |
osseous tissue is specialized _____ | connective tissue |
the skeletal system of a fetus is composed of | cartilage |
cancellous (spongy bone) | lots of open spaces |
compact bone | no spaces |
what are the functions of the skeletal system | protects, produces blood and movement |
what is piezoelectric quality | minute electrical responses |
what component gives this quality to bone tissue | collagen |
the entire ossification process takes | 20- 25 years |
what is remodeling? | the continual changing of bone in response to functional demands |
what is osteocytes | mature bone cells |
what are osteoblasts | build up bone |
what are osteoclasts | break down bone |
what factors affect bone growth | minerals, vitamins, hormones |
what 2 hormones are responsible for bone growth and development | estrogen and testosterone |
long | longer than they are wide |
flat | thin and flattened |
short | cube shaped |
irregular | does not fit other categories |
sesamoid | small and round |
when a bone has a depression it is usually called a | fossa |
a small bony projection is called | process |
a rough area on a bone that has a visual line is called | ridge, grove |
haversian canals | carries blood to heart |
medullary cavity | center of bone - red bone marrow |
trabeculae | projections of spongy bone |
what does yellow marrow primarly do? | stores fat |
what is red marrow | hematopoietic tissue |
where is red marrow found in adults | femur, humerus, sternum, ilium and vertebrae |
what is the endosteum | lines the meddularie cavity |
where is the periosteum | covers all bones |
what does CT do for bone health | bone growth |
where is the epiphysis | spongy bone covered by thin layer compact bone |
where is the diaphysis | shaft of long bone |
appositional growth | bone growth occure in diameter |
what is an articulation | joints |
what is the articular cartilage | CT that is largely avascular |
how can a MT impact tissue | ROM, joint mobile |
articulating cartilage is located at the ends of | bones |
what is the primary ingredient in articulating cartilage | collagen |
ligaments attach ____ to bone | bone |
tendons attach ____ to bone | mucle |
which ligament attaches to the external occipital protuberance of the skull | nuchal ligament |
where is the anterior and posterior longitudinal ligament | both on spine attach to vertebrae |
what are tendons | dense fibrous connective tissue, attach to bones |
where is bursa generally located | around joints |
what purpose does bursa serve | reduce friction |
what is bursa | connective tissue sack with synovial fluid |
what is the name of fibrocartilaginous pad in the knee joint | meniscus |
articular discs assist bones that do not quite fit together, creat a better fitting joint, such as the | temperal mendipular joint |
tendon sheaths | CT over tendon |
what is tendon sheath filled with | synovial fluid |
what purpose does tendon sheaths serve | reduce friction, protects tendon over movable parts |
synarthrosis | little to none |
amphiartrosis | modiate but limited |
diarthroisis | freely moveable |
what is a typical synarthroisis joint | sutres of craninam |
what is a typical amphiarthroisis joint | vertebral disk |
what is a typical diarthrosis joint | shoulder hip |
what tupe of joint has a joint capsule | diarthiosis |
what is the outer layer of the joint capsule called | joint capusal |
what is the primary ingredient | collegen |
what is the inner layer of joint capsule called | inner synovial membrane |
what is the fluid inside this joint called | synovial fluid |
what is the purpose of the the fluid | protect and cushion |
what impact can a MT have on joint capsules | increase circulation |
what is thixotropic | liquid when aggitated |
flexion | movement of joint |
extension | increase angle |
hyperextension | beyond normal movement |
abduction | away from midine |
adduction | towards midline |
rotation | right to left |
elevation | brings up |
depression | brings down |
protaction | brings body part anterior |
retraction | brings body part posterior |
pronation | palm down |
supination | palm up |
eversion | tarsal bone away from midline |
inversion | tarsal bone inward |
dorsiflexion | movement of ankle joint |
plantar flexion | ankle joint moves inferior |
hinge joint | elbow and ankle joint |
pivot joint | radio ulnar joint c1/c2 skull |
condyloid joint | phalanges c1/skull |
gliding joint | spine ribs/sternum |
ball and socket joint | hip joint - femur |
the stability of a joint depends on | muscles, joint capsules and shape of the bones |