Question | Answer |
function on system | communication, control, hormone secretion |
all organs are glands.... | but not all glands are organs |
glands secrete hormones into the | blood |
hormones regulate | metabolism, reproduction, growth, and development |
hormones helps maintain homeostatis by | acid/base balance, fluid/electrolyte balance, energy balance |
non-steroid hormones | bind to target cell membrane |
steroid hormones | bind to target cell nucleus |
target cells | cells acted on by hormones |
prostoglandins | tissue hormones |
tissue hormones | powerful substances produced and diffused short distances |
prostoglandins influce body functions | inflammation, respiration, blood pressure, GI secretions, reproductiion |
pituitary gland | anterior and posterior |
anterior pituitary gland | adenohypophysis |
posterior pituitary gland | neurohypophysis |
anterior pituitary controls | TSH, ACTH, FSH, LH, GH, prolactin |
posterior pituitary controls | ADH, oxytocin |
pituitary glands are located | sellatrucica (Turkish Saddle) in cranial depressions of sphenoidal bone |
hypothalamus | ADH and oxytocin production occurs here |
thyroid gland | produces thyroid hormones |
thyroid gland located | in neck |
thyroid hormones | t4, t3, calcitonin |
t4 | thyroxine,most abundant |
t3 | principal hormone in thyroid |
t4 and t3 are responsible for | body metabolic rate |
calcitonin | decreases blood calcium by inhibiting breakdown of bone |
for t4 to be produced, diet must contain | iodine |
parathyroid gland | secretes PTH |
parathyroid hormone | increases blood calcium by increasing bone breakdown |
patathyroid hormone located | 4 glands, on back |
adrenal glands | adrenal cortex, adrenal medulla |
adrenal glands located | over kidneys, 2 separate glands |
inner adrenal gland | adrenal medulla |
outer adrenal gland | adrenal cortex |
pancreatic islets (islets of langerhans) | small, microscopic clusters of cells that secrete glucagon and insulin |
glucagon | increases blood glucose level |
insulin | decreases blood glucose level |
female sex glands | ovaries |
parts of ovary | ovarian follicle, corpus luteum |
feminizing hormones cause | breasts, external genitals, body contours, menstrual cycle |
male sex glands | testes interstitial cells |
masculizing hormones cause | external genitals, facial hair, voice changes, body contour/muscles |
thymus | produces thymosin, function of immune system |
placenta | gonadotrpoins, estrogens, and progesterone hormones |
pineal gland | small gland, neard 3rd ventricle of brain |
this gland predominates children and young adults, grous fibrous and calcified with age | pineal gland |
third eye (pineal gland) | influences secretory activity related to light entering eyes |
pineal gland hormones | secrete melatonin to regulate internal clock and ovarian activity |
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