Question | Answer |
What is general audience analysis? | traits that will fit any audience |
demographic analysis: | age, gender, cultural/educational/economic background, political orientation |
analysis of specific audience: | size, interest in the speaker/topic/occassion |
methods for analyzing audiences | focus group analysis (test group - ask opinion), dry-run analysis (practice speech), questionnaire analysis (give out questionnaire before speech, gain data as well as relate to audience) |
what are the three main aspects of delivery? | bodily movements/action, audio aids, visual aids |
bodily movement/action: | communication in the form of bodily language/expression |
body language | premeditated |
body expression | natural |
ways to get your body to talk: | positive attitude, use illustrations, let your imagination respond, rehearse your movement |
what are the basic techniques for bodily actions: | walking, sitting, posture, movement, gestures, facial expressions and eye contact |
a gesture at its best... | shows a connection b/t the message and the speaker |
What are some types of audio aids? | microphone, audiotapes and other recording devices |
what are two types of visual aids? | ordinary and electronic |
what are some types of ordinary visual aids? | yourself, blackboard, graphs, etc. |
What are some types of electronic aids? | powerpoint, videotapes |
suggestions when using aids: | aid is a supplement!, must be suited to your ability, take your time setting it up, bring out aid only when you need it, keep it simple-large but not too-and colorful, talk to the audience (not the aid), 3P's |
Vocal delivery: | why do I sound the way I do? |
environmental factors: | home, neighborhood, school, friends, and place of employment |
what are the functional vocal skills? | force, range, quality, diction |
force: | volume, emphasis |
range: | pitch, inflection, melody pattern |
pitch: | you want to have a habitual pitch (just below the middle pitch) |
what is the golden rule of volume? | fill the room with your voice |
inflection: | a vocal slide on a word or syllable (rising or falling in nature) |
Quality: | pleasantness of your voice |
2 categories under quality: | emotional quality, physical mechanism |
the only three sounds that go through your nose are: | m, n, and ng |
all other sounds come out with... | front forward placement |
diction: | enunciation and pronunciation |
enunciation: | the articulation of a vowel and consonant sounds distinctly made by means of the tongue, teeth, lips, lower jaw, and soft palette |
pronunciation: | the expression of sounds and accents of words in connected speech in conformity with acceptable standards |
what are some problems with diction? | adding sounds that shouldn't be there, omitting a sound, substituting a sound, putting the wrong accent on the word |
pacing of the voice: | don't talk too fast or too slow; the amount of vocal movement |
amount of vocal movement: | rate of speech (words per minute) |
what effects your rate of speech? | personality, material, listeners, acoustics, and pauses |
why should you pause? | to breathe, collect your thoughts, get at meaning (dramatic pause), and for transitions |
the powerful speaker is: | comfortable, competent |
the powerless speaker is: | opposite the powerful |
what are the two types of informative speaking? | reporting and complex explanation |
reporting: | presenting as much as possible in an objective, unbiased presentation |
what are some uses of reporting? | lectures, frats, clubs, business reports... |
what are the tools of reporting? | 5W's and 1H; who, what, when, where, why, and how |
what are the two methods of reporting? | narration and description |
in what ways can you report using narration? | conflict, suspense, climax, personalities, and unusual settings |
in what ways can you report using description? | scientific and artistic (multisensory) |
what are some methods of complex explanation? | going from the known to the unknown, illustrations, analogies, statistics, or examples |