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Chap - 9
PharmacologyHSC1149
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| any route other than GI tract | parenteral routes |
| parenteral administration can be understood more easily if purpose of administration or effects desired are considered as | systemic or local |
| effect affecting the body as a whole | systemic |
| administering drugs for the purpose of distribution of medication through circulatory system to area requiring treatment | goal of systemic effects |
| sublingual/buccal, transcutaneous/transdermal, inhalations, & injections | parenteral routes with systemic effects |
| limited to one location of body, with very little (if any) effect on rest of the body | local effects |
| topical medications, drugs applies to mucous membranes to treat that specific tissue, & medications instilled in the eyes or the ears. | parenteral routes with local effects |
| medications absorbed this way are unaffected by stomach, intestines, or liver; absorption is rapid, & used frequently when quick response is required | buccal/sublingual system |
| deliver medication to body by absorption through skin; absorption slower but action is more prolonged than with other administration methods | transcutaneous/transdermal system |
| inhalation system is frequently administered for those patients with | chronic pulmonary conditions |
| metered dose inhalers (MDI) are provided for __ of medications | self-administration |
| intermittent positive pressure breathing (IPPB) therapy is administered by | trained personnel |
| rapid action with local effects, potent drugs in small amounts minimizing side effects, & convenience & comfort of patient are advantages of | inhalation therapy |
| inhalation therapy requires cooperation of the patient in __ __ __ for effectiveness | proper breathing techniques |
| a disadvantage of inhalation therapy is that adverse systemic side effects may result rapidly because of extensive __ capacity of the lungs | absorption |
| if improperly/too frequently administered, inhalations can lead to __ of trachea or bronchi, or __ | irritation; bronchospasm |
| asthmatic & COPD patients sometimes become __ on small-volume nebulizers or MDI | dependent |
| if not cleaned properly, the small-volume nebulizer can be a | source of infection |
| portable, easy to use, proper administration essential for drug effectiveness, & full canister provides approx. 200 puffs of medication | metered dose inhaler (MDI) |
| older patients may find MDIs difficult because of the coordination of depression of canister while inhaling | at the same time |
| can be added to MDIs to act as a reservoir for the aerosol, allowing patient to first depress canister & then inhale | spacer |
| many drugs for respiratory system may be delivered in __ form via small-volume nebulizer | aerosol |
| powered by a gas source, usually small air compressor, in home care setting; proper breathing techniques must be used by patient | small-volume nebulizer |
| when using small-volume nebulizers patients should be cautioned that dizziness may occur is they | hyperventilate |
| small-volume nebulizers should be rinsed with mild soapy water, and then soaked for 20-30 minutes in solution of 2 parts water & one part | vinegar |
| combines administration of aerosol with mechanical breather to assist patients who are unable to take a deep breath on their own | intermittent positive pressure breathing (IPPB) |
| the goal of IPPB treatment is to aid in __ __ the loosened secretions | coughing up |
| outer, hollow cylinder that holds medication; contains calibrations for measuring quantity of medication | barrel of syringe |
| inner, solid rod that fits snugly into cylinder; pulling back draws solution into syringe; pushing forward ejects solution from syringe | plunger of syringe |
| portion that holds the needle; most are plain; some contain metal attachment at tip called Luer-Lok, keeping needle in place | tip of syringe |
| flared end that fits on tip of the syringe | hub of needle |
| long, hollow tube embedded in the hub | shaft of needle |
| 1/2, 3/8 & 5/8" needles used for | intradermal or subcutaneous |
| 1-1/2 & 2" needles used for | intramuscular |
| depends on type of injection & size of patient | length of needle |
| size of lumen through the needle, or diameter of shaft; numbered in reverse order (larger # = tinner/smaller) | gauge |
| determined by site of injection & viscosity of solution | size of gauge |
| pointed end with beveled edge | tip of needle |
| type of syringe is determined by __ & __ | medication & dosage |
| used most frequently for subcutaneous/intramuscular, calibrated/marked cc or mL & minims | standard syringe |
| standard syringe size of 3mL or 2-1/2mL is the __ __ | most common |
| 5-50mL are the __ of standard syringes | larger |
| syringe used for intradermal injections of very small amounts of a substance | tuberculin (TB) syringe |
| tuberculin (TB) syringe also used for subcutaneous injections when __ __ 1mL is ordered | less than |
| tuberculin (TB) syringe calibrated in lengths of a __ & in __ | milliliter; minims |
| tuberculin (TB) syringe holds __ of 1cc or 1mL | total |
| insulin syringe used only for insulin injections & calibrated in __ | units |
| 100 units of insulin is __ __ 1mL | equal to |
| U-100 is the __ commonly used today | size |
| standard U-100 syringe has a __ scale | dual |
| U-100 syringe has even numbers on one side and __ __ on the other side | odd numbers |
| on a U-100 syringe count each calibration as | two units |
| in the Lo-Dose syringe, smaller insulin syringe, each calibration counts as | one unit |
| all insulin injection should be checked, prior to administration, by | two caregivers |
| premeasured amount of drug contained in syringe | prefilled syringes |
| after an injection the syringe should be discarded with needle attached and | uncapped |
| premeasured amount of medication contained in disposable cartridge | prefilled cartridges |
| in prefilled cartridges units are made ready for __ by placing the cartridge in the holder | injections |
| prefilled cartridges can be used to access __ ___ __ or a needle can be attached to administer IM or subQ injections | needleless IV system |
| when drawing up medications for injections it is necessary to draw air into syringe equal to __ __ __ being withdrawn from the vial | amount of solution |
| the air drawn into syringe, when drawing up medication for injection, should be | injected into vial |
| for IM injections a small amount of __ can be added to syringe | air |
| only sterile needles are to be | recapped |
| intradermal injections are usually administered into the skin on the inner surface of | lower arm |
| upper chest & back areas may be used for | allergy testing |
| for intradermal injections you should hold person's forearm in your non-dominant hand and | stretch surface taut |
| should be less than 10-15degree angle | transdermal injections |
| subQ injections are administered into | fatty tissues |
| no more than 2mL of medication may be administered | subQ |
| if patient is receiving frequent injections be sure to | rotate injection sites |
| needle should be inserted at 45 degree angle for __ injections | subcutaneous |
| 90 degree angle may be used for subQ injections w/a 3/8" needle, if there is sufficient | subcutaneous tissue |
| 90 degree angle may be used for subQ injections of | insulin & heparin |
| administered deep into large muscles | IM injections |
| upper outer quadrant of buttock (preferred site for adults) | dorsogluteal |
| above & to outside of buttock area, on hip | ventrogluteal |
| upper outer arm above axilla | deltoid |
| front of thigh toward outside of leg | vastus lateralis |
| front of lower thigh toward midline of leg | rectus femoris |
| up to 3mL, maximum of 1mL in children, can be administered via __ injection | IM |
| in IM injections absorption is more rapid because the muscle tissue is | more vascular |
| 1" needle for IM injections can be used on | children or thin adults |
| 1-1/2" needle for IM injections is standard | for most adults |
| 2" needle for IM injections might be required for | obese person |
| in addition to upper outer arms & abdomen, subcutaneous injections can be given on front of __ & __ __ | thigh & upper back |
| following administration of eye drops, health care workers should apply gentle pressure on the patient's | inner canthus |
| when drawing up medication from an ampule __ __should be drawn into syringe | no air |
| assessment important for health care worker to conduct before administering transdermal medication to a patient | condition of skin |
| when administering heparin the health care worker should modify the subcutaneous technique by | avoiding aspiration of syringe |
| use sterile gloves to apply medications, cover with sterile dressing, & apply gently is the procedure to applying topical medications to | patient with burns |
| if eyes drops & ointment are ordered for same time, health care worker should instill __ __ 1st, wait 5 minutes, & then apply __ | eye drops; ointment |
| sublingual administration requires patient to hold medication under tongue, avoid swallowing & not to | eat or drink until absorbed |
| when using the Z-track for IM injections the injection site | should not be massaged |
| medications prescribed for a variety of skin conditions are classified as | topical |
| when applying medication to patient;s mucous membranes the health care worker should always follow instructions that __ __, unless otherwise directed by physician | accompany medication |
Created by:
lfrancois
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