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Gr 11 physics 8.5

8.1-8.5 sans 8.2

TermDefinition
cyclical motion back and forth motion
midpoint/equilibrium cyclical motion that occurs about a point
Vibration repeated motion of a particle when displaced from its resting position. source of waves| the cyclical motion of an object about an equilibrium point
mechanical wave transfer of energy through a material by particle vibration
net motion displacement of a particle over a certain time interval| after a wave passes through a medium, the particles return to their original location. there is no -- of particles when they stop vibrating so their net displacement is 0
waves vibration that travels & carries energy from one point to another
transverse wave wave in which the particles vibrate perpendicular to the direction of the flow of energy
longitudinal wave wave in which the particles vibrate in the same direction as the energy flow
geometric wave characteristics amplitude, wavelength, phase, phase shift
amplitude maximum displacement of a vibrating particle in a wave, from the equilibrium point| half the distance between the maximum & minimum values| greater amplitude=greater sound| measure how much energy a wave is transferring
wavelength distance between two similar points in successive identical cycles in a wave
waveform shape of a wave when graphed
crest maximum point of a transverse wave
trough minimum point of a transverse wave
phase the x of a unique point of a wave. measured in meters. shown as a decimal percentage(halfway through a single cycle is a phase of 0.5(no units))
phase shift two waves can have identical characteristics but shifted along the x-axis. shift of an entire wave with respect to an identical wave along the x-axis
in phase their shifts are equal
out of phase their shifts are unequal
frequency(f)(Hz) number of complete cycles per second of a wave a wave and the vibrating particles that create and sustain the wave have the same --
period(T)(s) time it takes for vibrating particle in a wave to complete one cycle can be found by measuring the length of time it takes for one wavelength to pass a fixed point
frequency and time relation T=1/f or f=1/T
wavespeed(m/s) v=λ(m)/T(s)=length of one cycle/time for one cycle| measure of how fast the energy in the wave is moving depends on the medium in which its travelling
simple harmonic motion(SHM) any motion that repeats itself at regular intervals about an equilibrium point| type of vibration
universal wave equation v=λf or v=λ/T |calculate wave speed| speed of wave to its frequency and wavelength. applies to all waves
factors that affect wave speed temperature(higher temp = faster particles), linear density(of the medium), tension(of the medium)
linear density or mass per unit distance μ=m/L |determines how much force it takes to make vibrate| mass of string(kg)/length of string(m)
tension v=√^FT/μ |determines how much energy will be absorbed| √force of tension(N)/linear density(kg/m)
audible sound waves range of sensitivity of the human ear(20 Hz to 20 kHz) |most effective range is 1 kHz to 5.5 kHz
infrasonic waves below audible range(below 20 Hz) |volcanoes, earthquakes, thunder
ultrasonic waves above audible range(above 20 kHz) |animals like roaches & rodents
speed of sound v=331.4m/s + (0.606 m/s/°C)T > T is temp in degrees °C |depends on temperature of medium
mach number M=airspeed of object/local speed of sound |-ratio- of airspeed of an object to local airspeed of sound| compare speed of an object to speed of sound in the same air
formula of pressure p=F/A |pressure is the force per unit area| measure pressure of a longitudinal wave to find the amplitude
sound intensity W/m^2 - watts per square meter |amount of energy being transferred per unit area
decibel(dB) unit of sound level used to describe sound intensity level(not intensity)| 10^-12W/m^2 - 10^-8W/m^2 = 40dB(10,000 units) |decibel is one tenth of a BEL(B)| 0 to100
interference when waves are traveling in opposite directions and meet a new wave is made
free end reflection reflection occurs at a media boundary where the second medium is less dense than the first medium
media boundary location where two media meet
fixed end reflection if a medium is fixed at one end the wave interacts with a more dense medium then the wave reaches the media boundary
fixed end vs free end reflection in a fixed wave reflection the orientation of the wave is reflected about the equilibrium point
Created by: jolly_n4
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