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Ch. 9 Genetics
Intro to Genetics
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| heredity | the passage of genetic instructions from one generation to the next generation |
| trait | specific characteristic such as height or color |
| genetics | study of heredity |
| purebred | offspring of many generations that have the same form of a trait |
| gene | a sequence of DNA that determines a trait and is passed from parent to offspring |
| allele | different forms of a gene |
| dominant allele | an allele whose trait ALWAYS shows up in the organism when the allele is present |
| recessive allele | an allele that is hidden whenever the dominant allele is present |
| hybrid | an offspring of crosses that has two different alleles for a trait |
| probability | a number that describes how likely it is that a particular event will occur |
| Punnett square | a chart that shows all the possible combinations of alleles that can result from a genetic cross |
| phenotype | an organism's physical appearance or visible trait |
| genotype | an organism's genetic makeup or allele combinations |
| homozygous | having two identical alleles for a particular gene |
| heterozygous | having two different alleles for a particular gene |
| incomplete dominance | a situation in which one allele is not completely dominant over another allele, red flowers and white flowers make pink flowers |
| codominance | a situation in which both alleles for a gene are expressed equally like water and oil; red flower and white flower make red and white flowers |
| multiple alleles | three or more possible alleles of a gene that determine a trait |
| polygenic inheritance | the inheritance of traits that are controlled by two or more genes, such as height in humans |
| meiosis | The process that occurs in the formation of sex cells (sperm and egg) by which the number of chromosomes is reduced by half |
Created by:
muellershauna
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