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French & Indian War
Mr. Krupp French and Indian War Study Guide
Question | Answer |
---|---|
(1) In what modern day city did the British set up a for in? | In modern day Pittsburgh. |
(1) What happened to fort Pittsburgh? | The French forces drove the force sent by the British and constructed Fort Duquesne. |
(1) Who did Dinwiddie send to Fort Duquesne to get it back and what happened? | Dinwiddie sent a young George Washington to the site to expel the French, and he was quickly overwhelmed by the French and Native American forces. |
(1) What did Washington do after being attacked by the French? | Washington retreated to Fort Necessity (Hastily Constructed), and he had to surrender (Prelude to French and Indian War). |
(1) Where did France set up forts and why did these forts anger the British? | They set up forts to protect their fur trading interests, and conflicted with England's claims. |
(2) What was the 2 regions that the French and British contested? | The Ohio River Valley and the Great Lakes Region. |
(3) What happen to Frances land claims in America after the treaty of Paris? | All French land west of the Mississippi was ceded to Spain and all land east of the Mississippi was ceded to Great Britain. |
(3) What did Spain lose in the Treaty of Paris | They lost Florida which was given to the British. |
(3) What year was the treaty of Paris signed? | 1763 and it ended the French and Indian War. |
(3) What did the French get to keep in the Americans? | They got to keep their colonies in the West Indies. |
(4) What Geographic feature was the stopping point of expansion to the west? | The Appalachian Mountains. |
(4) What was the main rule in the proclamation? | King George the III halted all settlers Western Expansion. |
(4) When did the Royal Proclamation occur? | In 1763. |
(4) How did the Royal Proclamation effect the colonists? | This angered colonists who lived in the area or who has land in the area, because the land claims are not recognized (Friction between the British and the Colonists). |
(5) How long did Pontiac's War/Rebellion last? | Lasted from 1763 to 1766. |
(5) What was Pontiac's goal? | Uniting the tribes with a goal of expelling the British. |
(5) What awful things happen on both sides of the war? | Massacres and atrocities happened on both sides (James Amherst gave the Native Americans blankets invested with Smallpox). |
(5) What did the Native Americans fail to do in Pontiac's War? | They won many battles, but failed to capture important forts such as Fort Niagara, Fort Pitt, and Detroit. |
(5) What happened in the summer of 1763 in Pontiacs War? | The Native American alliance killed settlers in Western Pennsylvania and Virginia. |
(5) What happened in the spring of 1763 in Pontiacs War? | The Native Americans attacked British Forts in the Great Lakes region. |
(5) What happened in 1765 and 1766 in Pontiacs War? | The Native Americans loss to the British and a piece treaty was signed in July 1766 and Pontiac was pardoned. |
(5) Who did chief Pontiac sign an alliance with? | The Shawnee and Delaware Indians. |
(5) Who was chief Pontiac the leader of? | He was the leader of the Ottawa Indians. |
(6) What areas did Spain control in North America? | Central America, Spanish Florida. |
(6) What areas did England control in North America? | Land up to the Appalachian Mountains, Hudson Bay, Newfoundland. |
(6) What areas did France control in North America? | Land around the Saint Lawrence River. |
(7) Who was the man that turned around the war for the British? | William Pitt. |
(7) What was William Pitt's job before Prime Minister? | Secretary of State. |
(7) Where did William Pitt oversee the war from and who did he bring into his cabinet? | William Pitt oversaw the war from London and had a cabinet with military generals to influence his decisions. |
(7) Who was the 2 commanders that William Pitt send? | James Wolfe and Jeffery Amherst. |
(7) In 1757 who became Prime Minister in Great Britain? | William Pitt. |
(8) What was 1 of the 3 things that William Pitt did to reverse the war? (Hint: Focused on which Front) | Expelling the French from North America. |
(8) What was 1 of the 3 things that William Pitt did to reverse the war? (Hint: Colonists) | Buying the support from the colonists by infusing a massive amount of British currency. |
(8) What was 1 of the 3 things that William Pitt did to reverse the war? (Hint: Native Americans) | Buying the Native American with promises and agreed to fix territorial borders. |
(9) What city was the capital of New France? | Quebec. |
(9) Why was the Quebec so hard to capture? | It was perched high on a cliff overlooking the Saint Lawrence River. |
(9) How was the city of Quebec captured? | A scout sent by Wolfe found a poorly guarded path. The guards of the path was overwhelmed, and they waited outside of the fort on the plains of Abraham. |
(9) What happened during the battle of Quebec? | The French was surprised by the British and overwhelmed, James Wolfe Died in the battle. |
(10) In 1758 James Wolfe and Jeffery Amherst captured what fort? | Fortress of Louisburg, additionally, British officers captured Fort Frontenac at Lake Ontario, and Fort Duquesne (Named Fort Pitt). |
(10) In what years did the British capture 2 major French cities. | Quebec in 1759 and Montreal in 1760. |
(10) Who captured Montreal? | Jeffery Amherst. |
(11) When did the Albany Congress happen? | 1754 |
(11) Who sent delegates to the congress and why? | The colonies (South Carolina, North Carolina, Virginia, Maryland, Delaware, New Jersey, New York, and New England) to discuss strategy and common defense. |
(11) What was the President General and how was he appointed? | Benjamin Franklin was the President General and was appointed by the crown (King George III) |
(11) What was the colonists unready for and what did the British think of it? | The Colonies were not ready for a political union, and it is unlikely the British would support that. |
(12) What was the name of the first political cartoon and what was the image? | Join or Die was the name and showed the picture of a severed snake, each part was the name of a colony |
(12) What was the head of the Snake? | New England Colonies. |
(12) How was the snake ordered? | The Southern Colonies were at the tail, the Middle Atlantic Colonies in the middle, and the New England Colonies were at the head. |
(11) What foundation did the Albany Congress form? | The bases of the Articles of Confederations, the first United States constitution. |
(13) What did Chief Pontiac think would happen if they did nothing? | Chief Pontiac said that they had to exterminate the British because they are unfair and the French was much better than them. |
(13) What was the "god" of the Native Americans? | The Great Spirt, Master of Life. |
(13) Who lived on the land before the Native Americans? | Their predecessors (Ancestors). |
(14) What was the 3 problems that the King of England faced? | 1. Deep in depth because of the 7 Years War. 2. Native Americans wars with no end in sight. 3. Can't afford to provide military protection to the back country (Territory East of the Appalachian Mountains). |
(15) What were the French and British competing against each other for? (1, Land) | Land claims in North America, (Ohio River Valley and Great Lacks Region). |
(15) What were the French and British competing against each other for? (2, Population) | English Colonists were encroaching on French territories as the population grew. |
(15) What were the French and British competing against each other for? (3, Trade) | Competed over trapping and trade routes in the Ohio River Valley, (Trade issues with the Native Americans in the region). |
(15) What was the 2 events that started the French and Indian war? | Washington's defeat at Fort Necessity, and the French building forts in the Ohio River Valley. |
(16) In what year did the British come to attack the French fort that started with a D? | The British attacked for Duquesne in 1755. |
(16) How did the British soldiers think of the Colonials? | The British though poorly of the Colonists who were volunteer and many of them were sent home. |
(16) Who won the battle and who had the bigger force? | The French force and their Native American allies won the battle despite the British outnumbering the French. |
(16) What happened to the British and French commanders in the battle of Fort Duquesne? | Both commanders (Braddock and Beauju) were killed. |
(16) How did George Washington win praise in the battle? | He rallied the British troops and prevented the battle from turning into a rout. |
(16) What was the first 2 years of the war characterized? | Humiliating defeats for the British. |
(17) Who was the allies of Great Britain in the French and Indian War? | Some Native American Tribes. |
(17) Who was the allies of France in the French and Indian War? | Majority of the Native American Tribes, Spain. |
(18) How long did the European phase last in the 7 Years War? | It lasted from 1757-to 1763. |
(18) What allies of France were in Europe? | Austria, Saxony, Russia, Sweden, and Spain. |
(18) What allies of Great Britain were in Europe? | Prussia and Hanover. |
(18) What was the 3 reasons European powers fought in the war? | Control of Colonial Land, Control of Trade Routes, Land, Resources, Money, and Power. |
(18) What were the 3 major regions of the war? | Europe, India, and North America. |
(19) What did the British do in the final years of the war? | Defeated the French Navy and began to take French colonies in the Caribbean. |
(19) What happened to the Cherokee? | The British devastated the Cherokee to the South using a strong force. |
(19) When did the treaty of Easton occur? | Signed in 1758 (Sealed the French Fate) |
(19) What did the British promise the Iroquois? | They promised the 6 nations of the Iroquois Confederacy to not build any British Settlements west of the Alleghenies in exchange for Neutrality. |
(19) What did this treaty do to the French? | This forced the French to abandon Fort Duquesne and by 1760 Detroit and Montreal (French Strongholds) had fallen. |
(19) On what side did most of the Native Americans fought on? | Most fought on the French (Respected their culture). |
(19) At the start of the war what British forts were captured by the French? | Captured several forts including Fort George and Fort Ontario. |
(19) Where did French sided Native Americans attack from and what did they do? | They attacked from New York to Virginia (West Virginia) and they would kill settlers, burned farmhouses and crops, and chased Colonists back to the Atlantic Coast. |
(20) Why did the Native Americans dislike the British. | 1. Showed little culture sensitivity. 2. Traded unfairly. 3. Failed to stop encroachments in Indian Land. |
(20) What was the 4 major effects of the French and Indian War? | 1. France gives up all land claims in North America. (England and Spain became the 2 major powers in North America) 2. Native American tribes are not recognized in European land claims. 3. England in debt (Distrust between Colonists and England) |
(20) How did British victory effect the Native Americans? | They had lost there biggest trading partner, the French. The British was also unfair to the Native Americans economical and refused |
(16) How long did the British take to go to fort Duquesne and what did they do on the march? | They marched in columns and rows and stopped for tea everyday. Took several weeks to get there. |
(16) How many people came with Braddock and who were they? | 1400 British soldiers and a smaller amount of Colonial Volunteers (George Washington included). |
(16) Where did Braddock march to and where did he start from? | Braddock marched to Fort Duquesne and started in Virginia. |
(16) Who was the first general the British sent in order to expel the French from the Ohio River Valley? | General Edward Braddock. |
(BP) How long did the French and Indian War Last? | 1754-1763. |
(BP) Who fought in the French and Indian War between and where was it fought? | France and Great Britain, and North America. |
(BP) What was the name of the land England owned? | 13 Colonies. |
(BP) What was the name of the land France owned? | New France. |
(BP) What are 2 major facts about New France? | Unsettled (Less than 100,000) and traded with Native Americans? |
(BP) What action did the British do to anger the French? | The British traded with Native Americans in New France and undercutter Frances prices. |
(BP) What did the French do to solve the British trading problem? | The French built forts to keep the British out, and told Native Americans to not trade with the British. |
(BP) Who did the Virginia governor send to kick out the British? | George Washington. |
(BP) What happened in the battle Jumonville Glen? | The force lead by George Washington was forced to surrender. This started the French and Indian War. |
(BP) What did the British do with Native Americans? | Built settlements of on the Native Americans land and thought of them as enemies. |
(BP) What did the French do with Native Americans? | Respected Native American Culture, Treated them with Dignity, and acted like trading partners. |
(BP) What side did the Native Americans primarily fought on, and name on tribe that fought on the opposite (Less popular) side. | Most Native Americans fought with the French and a few with British, an example is the Iroquois |
(BP) Who was losing at the beginning of the war and why? | British were losing, and they lost battles, were on the retreat, and fought on unfamiliar and rugged terrain. |
(BP) Who was the leader of Britain who changed the war? | William Pitt. |
(BP) What was the 4 things William Pitt did to win the French and Indian War (Hint: Related to the Colonists)? | Increased public support in American and England. |
(BP) What was the 4 things William Pitt did to win the French and Indian War (Hint: Related to Soldiers)? | Sent thousands of soldiers to capture French settlements. |
(BP) What was the 4 things William Pitt did to win the French and Indian War (Hint: Multiple Fronts)? | Brought the war around the world (i.e. Europe and India). |
(BP) What was the 4 things William Pitt did to win the French and Indian War (Hint: Navy) | Blockaded France= No reinforcements of soldiers and supplies. |
(BP) Who died in Quebec and what city was captured a year later? | James Wolfe died and Montreal was captured a year later (Ended the war)? |
(BP) What was the land change in France in the treaty of Paris in 1763? | Lost all land in North America. |
(BP) What was the land change in France in the treaty of Paris in 1763? | England=Canada, Florida, All land East of the Mississippi |
(BP) What was the land change in France in the treaty of Paris in 1763? | Spain- All land west of the Mississippi. |
(BP) What happened to the England after the French and Indian War, How did this effect the Colonists, and what war did it lead to? | England was in debt, taxed the American colonists (Mad because "No Taxation with Representation"), and lead to American Revolution |