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Sem A Unit 4
Physical Science 9
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| acid | a substance that produces hydrogen ions in solution |
| anion | a negatively charged ion |
| base | a substance that produces hydroxide ions in solution |
| bond energy | the energy that is required to break chemical bonds |
| cation | a positively charged ion |
| chemical bond | the force that holds atoms, molecules, or ions together to form chemical compounds |
| chemical change | a change that takes place when atoms of one or more substances are rearranged into new combinations, forming one or more new substances |
| chemical equation | a representation of a chemical reaction using chemical symbols and numbers |
| chemical makeup/identity | all of the elements that a substance is made up of |
| chemical properties | the characteristics of a substance that relate to its ability to change to other substances |
| chemical reaction | process by which atoms of a substance are rearranged to form different substances |
| chemical reaction system | the atoms that take part in a chemical reaction |
| covalent bond | a force that holds atoms together by sharing electrons |
| decomposition reaction | chemical reactions in which a single reactant breaks down to form two or more simple products |
| double-replacement reaction | a chemical reaction in which the reactant ions exchange places to form new products |
| electron energy levels | discrete energy levels that electrons of a given atom can occupy |
| electronegativity | a value that describes the relative strength with which an atom of an element attracts electrons to itself in a chemical bond |
| endothermic reaction | a chemical reaction that absorbs energy from the surrounding environment |
| enthalpy | the sum of a system’s internal energy and the product of its pressure and volume |
| exothermic reaction | a chemical reaction that releases energy into the environment |
| groups | columns of the periodic table |
| ionic bond | a force that holds oppositely charged atoms (or groups of atoms) together |
| ions | charged atoms |
| Law of Conservation of Mass | a law that states mass is neither created nor destroyed by chemical reactions or physical transformations |
| oxidation-reduction reactions | chemical reactions involving a transfer of electrons |
| periodic table | organization of all known elements into columns and rows based on atomic number |
| periods | rows of the periodic table |
| physical change | a change in which the chemical makeup of the substance is not changed |
| polar covalent bond | a force that holds atoms together by unequally shared electrons |
| products | the end materials in a chemical reaction |
| reactants | the starting materials in a chemical reaction |
| single-replacement reaction | a chemical reaction in which one reactant is exchanged for one ion of a second reactant |
| synthesis reaction | a chemical reaction in which two or more simple reactants combine to form a more complex product |
| the law of conservation of matter | a law stating that matter can not be created or destroyed, only rearranged. |
| valence electrons | the electrons in the outermost orbitals of an atom |
Created by:
Kaplocher
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