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Sem A Unit 3
Physical Science 9
Term | Definition |
---|---|
acid | a molecule or ion that can donate a proton (hydrogen ion, H+) or form a covalent bond with an electron pair |
base | substance that donates electrons, accepts protons, or releases hydroxide (OH-) ions in aqueous solutions |
Boyle’s law | the volume of a gas at a constant temperature (expressed in kelvins) varies with the pressure exerted on it |
Charles’s law | the volume occupied by a fixed amount of gas is directly proportional to its absolute temperature, if the pressure remains constant |
combined gas law | the relationships among pressure, temperature, and volume on an enclosed gas when the amount of gas is constant |
concentration | the amount of solute per unit of solution |
concentration (of an acid or base) | the amount of acid or base in a solvent per unit volume |
Gay-Lussac’s law | pressure and temperature are directly proportional for temperatures expressed in kelvins |
ion | an atom or molecule that is charged due to a gain or loss in electron(s) |
Kelvin temperature scale | a temperature scale having an absolute zero, below which temperatures do not exist |
kinetic energy | the energy that an object possesses due to its motion |
law of conservation of energy | a scientific principle that states that energy can neither be created nor destroyed by ordinary chemical or physical means |
nonpolar compounds | compounds with molecules that do not have a polar charge |
pH scale | a scale with values from 0 to 14 that indicates how acidic or basic a solution is |
polar compounds | compounds with a positive or negative (polar) charge |
potential energy | the stored energy an object possesses, often due to its position relative to other objects around it |
pressure | force per unit area |
solute | a substance that is dissolved in a solvent |
solution | a liquid that is made out of a solvent (the majority of the content) with solutes (a minority of the content) dissolved in it |
solvent | a substance that dissolves another substance |
strength (of an acid or base) | the relative ability of an acid or base to release ions into a solution |
temperature | a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in an object due to their random motions |
thermal energy | the energy associated with the motion and positions of particles |