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Sem A Unit 3

Physical Science 9

TermDefinition
acid a molecule or ion that can donate a proton (hydrogen ion, H+) or form a covalent bond with an electron pair
base substance that donates electrons, accepts protons, or releases hydroxide (OH-) ions in aqueous solutions
Boyle’s law the volume of a gas at a constant temperature (expressed in kelvins) varies with the pressure exerted on it
Charles’s law the volume occupied by a fixed amount of gas is directly proportional to its absolute temperature, if the pressure remains constant
combined gas law the relationships among pressure, temperature, and volume on an enclosed gas when  the amount of gas is constant
concentration the amount of solute per unit of solution
concentration (of an acid or base) the amount of acid or base in a solvent per unit volume
Gay-Lussac’s law pressure and temperature are directly proportional for temperatures expressed in kelvins
ion an atom or molecule that is charged due to a gain or loss in electron(s)
Kelvin temperature scale a temperature scale having an absolute zero, below which temperatures do not exist
kinetic energy the energy that an object possesses due to its motion
law of conservation of energy a scientific principle that states that energy can neither be created nor destroyed by ordinary chemical or physical means
nonpolar compounds compounds with molecules that do not have a polar charge
pH scale a scale with values from 0 to 14 that indicates how acidic or basic a solution is
polar compounds compounds with a positive or negative (polar) charge
potential energy the stored energy an object possesses, often due to its position relative to other objects around it
pressure force per unit area
solute a substance that is dissolved in a solvent
solution a liquid that is made out of a solvent (the majority of the content) with solutes (a minority of the content) dissolved in it
solvent a substance that dissolves another substance
strength (of an acid or base) the relative ability of an acid or base to release ions into a solution
temperature a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in an object due to their random motions
thermal energy the energy associated with the motion and positions of particles
Created by: Kaplocher
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