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Key Stage 3 Science

QuestionAnswer
Describe the shape and volume of a gas Shape not fixed. Volume not fixed
What is a property of a material? A description of how a material behaves
What is the volume of a substance The space it takes up
What is the meaning of the word random? Having no regular pattern.
Why do small specks of matter move in Brownian motion? The specks are hit by moving particles that make up liquids or gases.
Describe the arrangement of particles in a gas. Random and far apart
Describe the arrangements of particles in a liquid Random and close together
Describe the arrangements of particles in a solid Regular and close together.
Describe the movement of particles in a gas. Fast in all directions
Describe the movement of particles in a solid Vibrate around fixed positions.
Why do small specks of matter move in Brownian motion? The specks are hit by moving particles that make up liquids or gases.
Describe the arrangements of particles in a liquid Random and close together
Describe the movement of particles in a gas. Fast in all directions
Describe the movement of particles in a liquid Move fast around each other
Why can gases be easily squashed? There is a lot of space between the gas particles.
Explain what happens to particles making up a liquid or gas during diffusion. They mix and spread out without anything moving them
How do the particles of a gas cause gas pressure? They hit the walls of the container.
Why will increasing the temperature of gas increase its pressure? The particles of gas will hit the walls of the container more often.
Explain in terms of particles what is a vacuum It is a space containing no particles.
Why will increasing the volume of container filled with a gas decrease the pressure of that gas? The particles of gas will hit the walls of the container less often.
In which state do the particles have strong bonds between them? Solid
In which state do the particles have no bonds between them? Gas
What is the name for a solid turning into a liquid? Melting
How do the particles move in a solid? Vibrate
How do the particles move in a liquid? Slide over each other
What is the name for a liquid turning into a gas? Boiling
What is the name for a gas turning into a liquid? Condensation
How do the particles move in a gas? Quick and random
In which state does diffusion NOT happen? Solid
In which state can particles NOT be compressed? Solid and Liquid
In which state do particles stay in a fixed position? Solid
What is the name for a liquid turning into a solid? Freezing
What is the boiling point of water? 100⁰C
What is the name for a gas turning into a solid? Sublimation
What is the melting point of water? 0⁰C
What is the name given to the process of a liquid turning into a gas at the surface of the liquid? Evaporation
Define "boiling point" The temperature at which a liquid turns into a gas
Define "diffusion" The movement of particles from a high concentration to a low concentration
Define "Brownian motion" The random movement of particles in a fluid
Which states does Brownian motion occur in? Liquids and gases
State an advantages of using the particle model Allows you to predict the behaviour of a substance
State two disadvantages of using the particle model Assumes all particles are spheres, doesn't show the bonds between atoms
What happens to particles during expansion? Particles vibrate more so move further apart
What happens to particles during contraction? Particles vibrate less so move closer together
Why are solids more dense than gases? More particles in a given volume
What happens to the pressure of a gas when it is heated? Pressure increases
Which state is the least dense? Gas
Which state is the most dense? Solid
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