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Heredity & Genetics
Definition | Term |
---|---|
The study of heredity. | genetics |
The passing of genetic traits from parent(s) to offsring or one generation to the next. | heredity |
The genetic information found in cells that is passed from parent(s) to offspring made up of two twisted strands. "double helix". | DNA |
Reproduction that allows genetic information to be passed from parents to offspring and requires the sex cells. | sexual reproduction |
The male sex cell that has 23 chromosomes. | sperm |
The female sex cell that has 23 chromosomes. | egg |
The process in which the sperm joins the egg to form a zygote. | fertilization |
Structure found in the nucleus of a cell that contains genetic information (DNA). | chromosome |
A part/segment of DNA | genes |
Alternate form of a gene or one gene from the pair of genes. | allele |
The set of genes carried by the organism. | genotype |
The physical expression of the genes. | phenotype |
Characterisitics that are passed from parent to offspring. | inherited traits |
Characteristics an organism develop through interaction in their environment. | acquired traits |
The version of a trait that will be expressed regardless of the other allele(s) that is(are) present. | dominant trait |
The version of a trait that will only be expressed if two recessive alleles are present. | recessive trait |
Means the offspring has two copies of the dominant allele (trait) or two copies of the recessive allele (traits). | homozygous |
Means the offspring has one copy of the dominant allele (trait) and one copy of the recessive allele (trait). | heterozygous |
Type of cell that doesn't have a nucleus and its genetic material floats around in the cell. | prokaryotic |
Type of cell that has genetic material enclosed in a nucleus. | eukaryotic |