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Chapter 2
Basic Chemistry
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| molecule | the smallest particle of a substance that has all the properties of the substance |
| atom | the basic unit of matter |
| matter | anything that has mass and takes up space |
| mass | the amount of material an object has |
| diversity | differing from one another |
| organization | the arrangement of parts into a whole |
| molecular | related to molecules |
| chemistry | the study of matter and how it changes |
| chemical process | a rearrangement of atoms or molecules to produce one or more new substances with new properties |
| bacteria | the simplest single cells that carry out all basic life activities |
| physical property | a characteristic of a substance or an object that can be observed without changing the substance into a different substance |
| chemical property | a characteristic that describes how a substance changes into a different substance |
| element | a substance that cannot be separated into other kinds of substances |
| chemical reaction | a chemical change in which elements are combined or rearranged |
| chemical bond | the force holding atoms together in a compound or molecule |
| element symbol | one, two, or three letters that represent the name of an element |
| compound | a substance that is formed when atoms of two or more elements join together |
| subatomic particle | a proton, neutron, or other particle smaller than the atom |
| nucleus | an atom's center; made of protons and neutrons |
| electron | a tiny particle in an atom that moves around the nucleus; it has a negative charge |
| proton | a tiny particle in the nucleus of an atom; it has a positive electrical charge |
| neutron | a tiny particle in the nucleus of an atom; it has the same mass as the proton, and no electrical charge |
| electron cloud | the space effectively occupied by electrons in an atom |
| atomic number | the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom |
| atomic mass | the average mass of the atom of an element |
| isotope | one of a group of atoms of an element with the same number of protons and electrons by different numbers of neutrons |
| radioactive | the property of some elements or isotopes to give off energy as they change to another substance over time |
| radioisotope | a radioactive isotope |
| chemical formula | a set of symbols and subscripts that tell the kinds of atoms and how many of each kind are in a compund |
| ion | an atom that has either a positive or a negative charge |
| ionic compund | two or more ions held next to each other by electrical attraction |
| empirical formula | the simplest formula for a compound |
| radical | a group of two or more atoms that acts like one atom |
| binary compund | a compound that contains two elements |
| electron shell | a specific energy level which electrons orbit the nucleus |
| covalent bond | a bond resulting from the sharing of one or more pairs of electrons between two atoms |
| reactant | a substance that is altered in a chemical reaction |
| product | a substance that is formed in a chemical reaction |
| polar molecule | a molecule with an uneven distribution of electron density |
| hydrogen bond | a weak electrical attraction between the slight positive charge on a hydrogen atom and a slight negative charge on another atom. |
| solvent | a substance capable of dissolving one or more other substances |
| hydrophillic | water-loving; polar molecules are hydrophillic |
| crystalline | a substance with a regularly repeating arrangement of its atoms |
| hydrophobic | water-hating; nonpolar molecules are hydrophobic |
| acid | a substance that can donate a proton or accept and electron |
| base | a substance that can accept a proton or donate and electron |
| pH | a number that tells whether a substance is an acid or a base |
| neutral solution | a solution that has a pH of 7; it is neither an acid nor a base |
| buffer | a solution that can receive moderate amounts of either acid or base without significant change in its pH |
| ionic bond | a type of bonding in which ions are held together by the strong attraction of their opposite charges |
Created by:
mrspuffisphat21