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History&Approaches
Natanson History & Approaches AP
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| William James | Wrote first Psych. text: Principles of Psychology-- functionalism |
| Functionalism | an historical focus on how mental processes help adaptation to the environment |
| Structuralism | an historical focus on the basic elements of conscious mental experience |
| Wilhelm Wundt | Started first psychology lab which was in Germany--introspection |
| Introspection | thinking and reflecting on one’s own experience |
| Gestalt Psychology | an early cognitive approach based on the concept that "the whole experience is greater than the sum of it's parts" |
| Max Wertheimer | a founder of Gestalt Psychology |
| Sigmund Freud | Founder of the psychoanalytic perspective --unconscious determinants of behavior--repressed memories of early childhood--psychosexual stages--psychoanalysis |
| John Watson | Behaviorism founder--classical conditioning, children--little Albert and white furry objects |
| Ivan Pavlov | "discovered" classical conditioning--salivating dogs and tones |
| B. F. Skinner | Famous early behaviorist--operant conditioning;reinforcement --rats and pidgins |
| Humanist Perspective | a focus on the importance of free will--individual choice and growth--personal, inner focus--historical perspective |
| Abraham Maslow | humanistic psychologist--hierarchy of needs (pyramid) |
| Carl Rogers | humanistic psychologist--person centered--client centered therapy |
| Eclectic Psychologists | combine multiple perspectives/approaches to psychology--contemporary |
| Psychoanalytic Perspective (psychodynamic) | effect on behavior of unconscious motives and desires, repressed childhood experiences |
| Biopsychology Perspective Neuroscience) | body mind connection: brain chemistry, neuroanatomy, hormones, nervous system, genetics--body mind connection |
| Evolutionary Perspective (Darwinian; sociobiology) | how nature selects behavioral traits,such as fear of heights,that promote survival of the species |
| Sociocultural Perspective | influence of ethnicity, gender, culture, socioeconomics on behavior |
| Behavioral Perspective | how we learn observable responses to environmental stimuli (conditioning) |
| Cognitive Perspective | a focus on mental processes: memory, perception, thought etc |
Created by:
ninacn