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Forensic DNA
Chapter 9
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Fundamental unit of heredity | DNA |
Repeating unit on DNA | nucleotide |
Four bases found in DNA | adenine guanine cytosine thymine |
Technique using DNA polymerase to copy DNA strand outside of living cell | PCR (polymerase chain reaction) |
DNA from one organism is inserted into DNA from another organism | Recombinant DNA |
portion of DNA molecule where bases repeat numerous times | Tandem Repeats |
length differences associated with relatively long repeating DNA strands | RFLP (restriction fragment length polymorphism) |
Used in laboratory to cut DNA molecules | restriction enzymes |
process used in labs to separate DNA using electricity into a pattern of bands | gel electrophoresis |
Process that can amplify very small quantities of DNA | PCR (polymerase chain reaction) |
Tend to break apart at crime scenes, not as stable as PCRs | RFLP (restriction fragment length polymorphism) |
Locations on chromosomes that contain short sequences that repeat themselves within the DNA molecule | STR (short tandem repeats) |
Length of a typical STR | 450 bases or less |
Using multiple STRs to improve the odds of identification | multiplexing |
As little as 125 picograms is needed for analysis of DNA | STR |
This type of DNA is inherited from the mother only | mtDNA (mitochondrial DNA) |
The 2 regions in mtDNA that are sequenced in forensics | HV1 and HV2 |
Type of DNA typing usually used as a last resort | mtDNA |
DNA database of criminals | CODIS |
Type of container used to store biological evidence | paper or cardboard |
Best method used to obtain DNA from a suspect | Buccal Swab |
Always worn when collecting biological evidence | gloves |
sometimes word when collecting biological evidence | mask, jumpsuit, booties |
swabbing of an unstained area next to where a blood stain is found | substrate control |