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Moving on Out
Bowel Elimination
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| megacolon | permanent distention of large intestine--causes disturbances in defecation |
| stimulates mass peristalsis each time a large meal is consumed | gastrocolic reflex |
| medical term for bearing down | Valsalva's maneuver |
| who's in control here? | sphincters |
| Why can't babies control defecation? | immature neuromuscular function |
| CONTROLABLE factors affecting bowel elimination in elders | poor intake, poor chewing, dehydration |
| narcotics/opioids affect bowel elimination how? | CONSTIPATION |
| antibiotics can affect bowel elimination how? | DIARRHEA |
| ileostomy is an opening into the _______. | ileum |
| Percussive note over gas-filled organ | Tympany |
| Ova and Parasite (O&P) specimen handling | clean (labeled) container, transport to lab immediately |
| Definition of Constipation | No BM x 3 days (decreased transit time will lead to hard, dry feces) |
| Impaction | Hard, dry stool obstructs or partially obstructs lg intestine, cannot be excreted. Liquid feces may leak around the impaction and be mistaken for diarrhea. |
| Enema for gas distension | Harris Flush/Return Flow |
| Important sequela of diarrhea | fluid and electrolyte imbalance |
| Prevent constipation by: | ^fluids, ^fiber, ^activity, privacy, medications |
| Metamucil | bulk-forming laxative--enc. fluids, take immediately after mixing |
| Dulcolax | Cathartic (strong laxative action) |
| Colace, Surfak | emollients/stool softeners (gentle action) |
| EGD | esophagogastroduodenoscopy |
| Foods affecting Hemoccult test results | red meat, raw cruciate vegetables, horseradish, parsnips, radishes, turnips, melons, Vitamin C |
| Confirmation of impaction | digital exam, abdominal palpation, radiographs |
| Fecal matter components | undigested waste, bacteria, water |
| Encopresis | bowel incontinence with no physical cause |
| Hypertonic enema | small volume, avoid in sodium restriction |
| Isotonic enema | no net water flow--works by distension of colon, safe for children |
| Hypotonic enema | Water moves into tissues, useful for dehydration. |
| bisacodyl suppository mechanism of action | local irritation of GI mucosa |
| Site of suppository insertion (where does it "land"?) | beyond the internal anal sphincter |
| recommended fiber intake | 25-35 g per day |
Created by:
okwhitney